2023-python-单例模式-线程安全

单例模式

线程安全的单例模式:

from threading import Lock, Thread

class SingletonMeta(type):
    """    单例模式的线程安全版本    """

    _instances = {}

    _lock: Lock = Lock()
    """    用锁保证第一次访问单例不会被打断，保证线程同步安全   """

    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        """   __init__参数的可能变化不会影响返回的实例    """
     
        # Now, imagine that the program has just been launched. Since there's no
        # Singleton instance yet, multiple threads can simultaneously pass the
        # previous conditional and reach this point almost at the same time. The
        # first of them will acquire lock and will proceed further, while the
        # rest will wait here.
        with cls._lock:
            # The first thread to acquire the lock, reaches this conditional,
            # goes inside and creates the Singleton instance. Once it leaves the
            # lock block, a thread that might have been waiting for the lock
            # release may then enter this section. But since the Singleton field
            # is already initialized, the thread won't create a new object.
            if cls not in cls._instances:
                instance = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
                cls._instances[cls] = instance
        return cls._instances[cls]

class Singleton(metaclass=SingletonMeta):
    value: str = None
    """    We'll use this property to prove that our Singleton really works.    """

    def __init__(self, value: str) -> None:
        self.value = value

    def some_business_logic(self):
        """        Finally, any singleton should define some business logic, which can be        executed on its instance.        """

def test_singleton(value: str) -> None:
    singleton = Singleton(value)
    print(singleton.value)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # The client code.

    print("If you see the same value, then singleton was reused (yay!)\n"
          "If you see different values, "
          "then 2 singletons were created (booo!!)\n\n"
          "RESULT:\n")

    process1 = Thread(target=test_singleton, args=("FOO",))
    process2 = Thread(target=test_singleton, args=("BAR",))
    process1.start()
    process2.start()