MySQL基础——分组查询

进阶五：分组查询

group by 字句
语法：
	SELECT  分组函数,列(要求出现在group by 的后面)
	FORM   表名
	WHERE  筛选条件
	GROUNT BY   分组的列表
	ORDER BY 字句 ;
注意：
	查询列表必须特殊，要求是分组函数和group by 后面出现的字段
特点
	1、分组查询中的筛选条件
			数据源			位置			关键字
	分组前筛选	原始表			group by字句的前面	where
	分组后筛选	分组后的结果集		group by字句的后面	having
	①分组函数函数做条件肯定是放在having子句中
	②能用分组前筛选的优先考虑分组前筛选

	2、group by 子句支持单个字段分组，多个字段分组（多个字段之间用逗号隔开没有先后顺序），表达式或函数（用的较少）
	
	3、也可以添加排序（排序放到整个查询的最后）	

1、引入：查询每个部门的平均工资

SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees;

案例1、查询每个工种的最高工资

SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;

案例2、查询每个位置上的部门个数

SELECT COUNT(*),location_id
FROM departments
GROUP BY location_id;

2、添加筛选条件
案例1：查询邮箱中包含a字符的，每个部门的平均工资

SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
WHERE email LIKE '%a%'
GROUP BY department_id;

案例2：有奖金的每个领导手下员工的最高工资

SELECT MAX(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id;

3、添加复杂的筛选条件

案例1：查询哪个部门的员工个数>2

①查询每个部门的员工个数

SELECT COUNT(*),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

添加分组后的筛选
②根据①的结果进行筛选，查询哪个部门的员工个数>2

SELECT COUNT(*),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING COUNT(*)>2;

案例2：查询每个公众有奖金的员工的最高工资>12000的工种编号和最高工资

①查询每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资

SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id;

②根据①的结果继续筛选，最高工资>12000

SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING MAX(salary)>12000;

案例3：查询领导编号>102的每个领导手下的最低工资>5000的领导编号是哪个，以及最低工资

①查询每个领导手下的员工固定最低工资

SELECT MIN(salary) ,manager_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY manager_id;

②添加筛选条件：编号>102

SELECT MIN(salary) ,manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id>102
GROUP BY manager_id;

③添加筛选条件：最低工资>5000

SELECT MIN(salary) ,manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id>102
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>5000;

3、按表达式或函数分组

案例：按员工姓名的长度分组，查询每一组的员工个数，筛选员工个数>5的有哪些

①查询每个长度的员工个数

SELECT COUNT(*),LENGTH(last_name) len_name
FROM employees
GROUP BY LENGTH(last_name);

②添加筛选条件 都支持别名

SELECT COUNT(*),LENGTH(last_name) len_name
FROM employees
GROUP BY LENGTH(last_name)
HAVING COUNT(*)>5;

4、按多个字段分组

案例：查询每个部门、每个工种的员工的平均工资

SELECT AVG(salary),department_id,job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id,job_id;

5、添加排序

案例：查询每个部门、每个工种的员工的平均工资，并按平均工资的高低显示

SELECT AVG(salary),department_id,job_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY department_id,job_id
HAVING AVG(salary)>10000
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC; 

案例

SELECT MAX(salary),MIN(salary),AVG(salary),SUM(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id
ORDER BY job_id;

SELECT MAX(salary)-MIN(salary) DIFFRENCE
FROM employees;

SELECT MIN(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>=6000;

SELECT department_id,COUNT(*),AVG(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC;

SELECT COUNT(*) 个数,job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;