Python基础（装饰器）

装饰器应用

参考文档 link

1，日志

from functools import wraps

def logit(func):
    @wraps(func)
    def with_logging(*args, **kwargs):
        print(func.__name__ + " was called")
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return with_logging

@logit
def addition_func(x):
   """Do some math."""
   return x + x


result = addition_func(4)
# Output: addition_func was called

查看以上应用代码中使用 了wraps装饰器，接下来我们先认识下wraps装饰器
wraps: 为了使被装饰器装饰后的函数拥有原来的属性, wraps是通过partial和update_wrapper实现的

partial使用：

import functools

def add(a, b):
    return a + b
# 通过functools.partial方法创建一个可调用对象new_add
# 此时new_add不是一个函数而是一个可调用对象
# 此时通过partial方法固定了add函数的a参数为1
new_add = functools.partial(add, 1)
result = new_add(3)
# result: 4

展示部分核心partial源码

class partial:
    """New function with partial application of the given arguments
    and keywords.
    """

    __slots__ = "func", "args", "keywords", "__dict__", "__weakref__"

    def __new__(*args, **keywords):
        if not args:
            raise TypeError("descriptor '__new__' of partial needs an argument")
        if len(args) < 2:
            raise TypeError("type 'partial' takes at least one argument")
        cls, func, *args = args
        if not callable(func):
            raise TypeError("the first argument must be callable")
        args = tuple(args)

        if hasattr(func, "func"):
            args = func.args + args
            tmpkw = func.keywords.copy()
            tmpkw.update(keywords)
            keywords = tmpkw
            del tmpkw
            func = func.func

        self = super(partial, cls).__new__(cls)

        self.func = func
        self.args = args
        self.keywords = keywords
        return self

    def __call__(*args, **keywords):
        if not args:
            raise TypeError("descriptor '__call__' of partial needs an argument")
        self, *args = args
        newkeywords = self.keywords.copy()
        newkeywords.update(keywords)
        return self.func(*self.args, *args, **newkeywords)

重写__new__方法自定义创建对象的流程，用来保存被装饰函数和固定参数

wraps源码

def wraps(wrapped,
          assigned = WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
          updated = WRAPPER_UPDATES):
    """Decorator factory to apply update_wrapper() to a wrapper function

       Returns a decorator that invokes update_wrapper() with the decorated
       function as the wrapper argument and the arguments to wraps() as the
       remaining arguments. Default arguments are as for update_wrapper().
       This is a convenience function to simplify applying partial() to
       update_wrapper().
    """
    return partial(update_wrapper, wrapped=wrapped,
                   assigned=assigned, updated=updated)

此函数返回partial对象

• 参数

  • wrapped: 被装饰器砖石的原函数

  • assignd: 要被重新赋值的属性列表，默认为WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS，可自定义传入

    WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS = (‘module’, ‘name’, ‘qualname’, ‘doc’,
    ‘annotations’)

  • update: 要被合并的属性列表，默认为WRAPPER_UPDATES，可自定义传入

    WRAPPER_UPDATES = (‘dict’,)