1. q = charge, dq/dt = electrical current
2. s = distance, ds/dt = speed
3. T = temperature, dT/dx = temperature gradient
极限和连续
简单的极限 简单的极限只要带入极限值就可以得到答案
lim
x
→
3
=
x
2
+
x
x
+
1
=
3
2
+
3
3
+
1
=
3
\lim_{x\to3}=\frac{x^2+x}{x+1} = \frac{3^2+3}{3+1} = 3
x→3lim=x+1x2+x=3+132+3=3 但是下面的不是简单的极限,因为
Δ
x
=
0
\Delta {x}=0
Δx=0是不允许的
lim
x
→
x
0
Δ
f
Δ
x
=
lim
x
→
x
0
f
(
x
0
+
Δ
x
)
−
f
(
x
0
)
Δ
x
\lim_{x \to x_{0}} {\frac{\Delta f}{\Delta x}} = \lim_{x \to x_0} {\frac{f(x_0+\Delta x)-f(x_0)}{\Delta x}}
x→x0limΔxΔf=x→x0limΔxf(x0+Δx)−f(x0)
连续性 我们说f(x)在点
x
0
x_0
x0连续当:
lim
x
→
x
0
f
(
x
)
=
f
(
x
0
)
\lim_{x \to x_0} {f(x)} = f(x_0)
x→x0limf(x)=f(x0)
间断点
可去间断点
跳跃间断点
无穷间断点
丑陋间断点(震荡间断点)
一个简单的定义
可导必定连续 f(x)在一定点
x
0
x_0
x0连续必定有左右极限且都等于
f
(
x
0
)
f(x_0)
f(x0):
lim
x
→
x
0
+
f
(
x
)
=
lim
x
→
x
0
−
f
(
x
)
=
f
(
x
0
)
\lim_{x \to x_0^+} f(x) = \lim_{x \to x_0^-} f(x) =f(x_0)
x→x0+limf(x)=x→x0−limf(x)=f(x0) 等价于:
lim
x
→
x
0
f
(
x
)
=
f
(
x
0
)
\lim_{x \to x_0} f(x)= f(x_0)
x→x0limf(x)=f(x0)
lim
x
→
x
0
f
(
x
)
Δ
x
Δ
x
=
f
(
x
0
)
\lim_{x \to x_0} \frac {f(x)}{\Delta x} \Delta x= f(x_0)
x→x0limΔxf(x)Δx=f(x0)
=
f
′
(
x
)
Δ
x
=
0
= f^{\prime}(x) \Delta x = 0
=f′(x)Δx=0 在
f
′
f^{\prime}
f′存在时成立