【MPI】点对点通信2

点对点通信

tag的使用

  1. tag使用是满足发送和接收完全匹配
    如果B先到达Q,如果没有tag匹配,则会放到X中.
    在这里插入图片描述
  2. 标签的使用
    使用Any_Tag可以都接收,然后用Status.Tag来确定是哪一个发送方.
    在这里插入图片描述
  3. 特殊的Tag
    在这里插入图片描述
#include<stdio.h>
#include<mpi.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
	int myrank, size;
	MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
	MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myrank);
	MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);
	
	if (myrank == 0){
	//指定0号进程发送数据
		int send_num = 99;
		int send_num1 = 100;
		int tag = 0;
		int tag1 = 1;
		MPI_Send(&send_num, 1, MPI_INT, 1, tag, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
		MPI_Send(&send_num1, 1, MPI_INT, 1, tag1, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
	}
	else{
	//指定1号进程接收数据
		int recv_num = 0;
		int recv_num1 = 0;
		int tag = MPI_ANY_TAG;
		MPI_Status status;
		printf("before recv, recv_num = %d\n", recv_num);
		MPI_Recv(&recv_num, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_ANY_SOURCE, tag, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);
		// 两者组合任意消息都可以接收 
		// 实际上99和100不一定谁先到达
		MPI_Recv(&recv_num1, 1, MPI_INT, 0, tag, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);
		printf("after recv, recv_num = %d\n", recv_num);
		printf("after recv, recv_num = %d\n", recv_num1);
	}
	MPI_Finalize();
	return 0;

  1. 存在的问题
  • 阻塞式,同时都在等recv,永远不会结束,死锁问题
  • 能选择非阻塞则要选择非阻塞,对通信过程要有了解
    在这里插入图片描述

练习1:Jacobi迭代

  1. 采用阻塞式通讯接口
    在这里插入图片描述
#include<stdio.h>
#include<mpi.h>
#inlcude<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>

#define N 8
#define SIZE N / 4
#define T 2
void print_myRows(int, float [][N]);
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
	int myid, size;
	float myRows[SIZE + 2][N], myRows2[SIZE+2][N], tmp[2][N], c[N][N];
	
	MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
	MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myid);
	MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);
    MPI_Status status;
	
	// 初始化数据
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < SIZE + 2; i ++){
		for (j = 0; j < N; j ++){
			myRows[i][j] = myRows2[i][j] = 0;
		}
    }
	
	if (myid == 0){
		for (j = 0; j < N; j ++)
			myRows[1][j] = 8.0;
	}
	if (myid == 3){
		for (j = 0; j < N; j ++)
			myRows[2][j] = 8.0;
	}
	for (i = 1; i < SIZE + 1; i ++){
		myRows[i][0] = 8.0;
		myRows[i][N - 1] = 8.0;
	}

	// 实际迭代过程 0->1->2->3 3->2->1->0
	int step;
	int tag_down = 0, tag_up = 1;
	for (step = 0; step < T; step ++){
		// 数据传输
		if (myid < 3){
			MPI_Send(&myRows[SIZE][0], N, MPI_FLOAT, myid + 1, tag_down, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
		}
		if (myid > 0){
			MPI_Recv(&myRows[0][0], N, MPI_FLOAT, myid - 1, tag_down, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);
		}
		if (myid > 0){
			MPI_Send(&myRows[1][0], N, MPI_FLOAT, myid - 1, tag_up, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
		}
		if (myid < 3){
			MPI_Recv(&myRows[SIZE + 1][0], N, MPI_FLOAT, myid + 1, tag_up, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);
		}
		// 数据迭代
		// 第一个和最后一个进程取值
		int begin_row = (0 == myid) ? 2 : 1;
		int end_row = (3 == myid)? 1 : 2;
		for (i = begin_row; i <= end_row; i ++){
			for (int j = 1; j < N - 1; j ++){
				myRows2[i][j] = 0.25 * (myRows[i - 1][j] + myRows[i + 1][j] + myRows[i][j + 1] + myRows[i][j - 1]);
			}
		}
		for (i = begin_row; i <= end_row; i ++){
			for (int j = 1; j < N - 1; j ++){
				myRows[i][j] = myRows2[i][j];
		    }
	    }
    }
	sleep(myid);
	
    print_myRows(myid, myRows);
    // if (myid == 1) sleep(1);
	for (int i = 1; i < SIZE + 1; i ++){
		for (int j = 0; j < N; j ++){
			tmp[i - 1][j] = myRows[i][j];
		}
	}
    // MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
	MPI_Gather(tmp, 16, MPI_FLOAT, c, 16, MPI_FLOAT, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
    
    // 输出结果
	if (0 == myid){
		fprintf(stderr, "\n收集后结果\n");
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i ++){
			for (int j = 0; j < N; j ++){
				fprintf(stderr, "%.3f\t", c[i][j]);
			}
			fprintf(stderr, "\n");
		}
		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
	}
	MPI_Finalize();
	return 0;
}

void print_myRows(int myid, float myRows[][N]){
	int i, j;
	printf("Result in process %d:\n", myid);
	for (i = 0; i < SIZE + 2;i ++){
		for (j = 0; j < N; j ++){
			printf("%1.3f\t", myRows[i][j]);
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
	MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
}
  1. MPI_Sendrecv捆绑发送接收
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述
    由于第一个进程无上方进程,最后一个进程无下方进程,所以引入了虚拟进程.
    在这里插入图片描述
    可以完成接收操作,不会改变之前接受的数据.
    在这里插入图片描述
#include<stdio.h>
#include<mpi.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>

#define N 8
#define SIZE N / 4
#define T 2
void print_myRows(int, float [][N]);
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
	int myid, size;
	float myRows[SIZE + 2][N], myRows2[SIZE+2][N], tmp[2][N], c[N][N];
	
	MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
	MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myid);
	MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);
    MPI_Status status;
	
	// 初始化数据
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < SIZE + 2; i ++){
		for (j = 0; j < N; j ++){
			myRows[i][j] = myRows2[i][j] = 0;
		}
    }
	
	if (myid == 0){
		for (j = 0; j < N; j ++)
			myRows[1][j] = 8.0;
	}
	if (myid == 3){
		for (j = 0; j < N; j ++)
			myRows[2][j] = 8.0;
	}
	for (i = 1; i < SIZE + 1; i ++){
		myRows[i][0] = 8.0;
		myRows[i][N - 1] = 8.0;
	}

	// 实际迭代过程 0->1->2->3 3->2->1->0
    int step;
	int tag_down = 0, tag_up = 1;
	int up_proc_id = (0 == myid) ? MPI_PROC_NULL:(myid - 1);
	int down_proc_id = (3 == myid) ? MPI_PROC_NULL:(myid + 1);
	for (step = 0; step < T; step ++){
		// 数据传输
		// 数据向下方移动
		MPI_Sendrecv(&myRows[SIZE][0], 8, MPI_FLOAT, down_proc_id, tag_down, &myRows[0][0], 8, MPI_FLOAT, up_proc_id, tag_down, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);
		// 数据向上方移动
		MPI_Sendrecv(&myRows[1][0], 8, MPI_FLOAT, up_proc_id, tag_up, &myRows[SIZE + 1][0], 8, MPI_FLOAT, down_proc_id, tag_up, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);
		// 数据迭代
		// 第一个和最后一个进程取值
		int begin_row = (0 == myid) ? 2 : 1;
		int end_row = (3 == myid)? 1 : 2;
		for (i = begin_row; i <= end_row; i ++){
			for (int j = 1; j < N - 1; j ++){
				myRows2[i][j] = 0.25 * (myRows[i - 1][j] + myRows[i + 1][j] + myRows[i][j + 1] + myRows[i][j - 1]);
			}
		}
		for (i = begin_row; i <= end_row; i ++){
			for (int j = 1; j < N - 1; j ++){
				myRows[i][j] = myRows2[i][j];
		    }
	    }
    }
	sleep(myid);
	
    print_myRows(myid, myRows);
	
    // if (myid == 1) sleep(1);
	for (int i = 1; i < SIZE + 1; i ++){
		for (int j = 0; j < N; j ++){
			tmp[i - 1][j] = myRows[i][j];
		}
	}
    // MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
	MPI_Gather(tmp, 16, MPI_FLOAT, c, 16, MPI_FLOAT, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
    
    // 输出结果
	if (0 == myid){
		fprintf(stderr, "\n收集后结果\n");
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i ++){
			for (int j = 0; j < N; j ++){
				fprintf(stderr, "%.3f\t", c[i][j]);
			}
			fprintf(stderr, "\n");
		}
		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
	}
    
	MPI_Finalize();
	return 0;
}

void print_myRows(int myid, float myRows[][N]){
	int i, j;
	printf("Result in process %d:\n", myid);
	for (i = 0; i < SIZE + 2;i ++){
		for (j = 0; j < N; j ++){
			printf("%1.3f\t", myRows[i][j]);
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
	MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
}
  1. 主从模式
    0进程:负责初始化数组,然后发送给1234进程.最后接收结果
    其他进程:负责接收初始化数组,并且进行与其他进程通信计算,结果再返回0号进程
    在这里插入图片描述
#include<stdio.h>
#include<mpi.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<string.h>

#define N 8
#define SIZE N / 4
#define T 2

MPI_Status status;
float oriA[N][N], myRows[SIZE + 2][N], myRows2[SIZE+2][N],c[N][N];

void print_myRows(int, float [][N]);

// 主进程,分发和收集
void master(){
    memset(&oriA[0][0], 0, sizeof(float) * N * N);
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i ++){
        oriA[0][i] = 8.0;
        oriA[N - 1][i] = 8.0;
        oriA[i][0] = 8.0;
        oriA[i][N - 1] = 8.0;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i ++){
        MPI_Send(&oriA[i * 2][0], N * 2, MPI_FLOAT, i + 1, i + 1, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i ++){
        MPI_Recv(&c[i * 2][0], N * 2, MPI_FLOAT, i + 1, i + 1, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);
    }
    
}

void slave(int myid){
    memset(&myRows[0][0], 0, sizeof(float) * N * (SIZE + 2));
    MPI_Recv(&myRows[1][0], N * 2, MPI_FLOAT, 0, myid, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);
    // 实际迭代过程 0->1->2->3 3->2->1->0
    int step;
	int tag_down = 0, tag_up = 1;
	int up_proc_id = (1 == myid) ? MPI_PROC_NULL:(myid - 1);
	int down_proc_id = (4 == myid) ? MPI_PROC_NULL:(myid + 1);
	for (step = 0; step < T; step ++){
		// 数据传输
		// 数据向下方移动
		MPI_Sendrecv(&myRows[SIZE][0], 8, MPI_FLOAT, down_proc_id, tag_down, &myRows[0][0], 8, MPI_FLOAT, up_proc_id, tag_down, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);
		// 数据向上方移动
		MPI_Sendrecv(&myRows[1][0], 8, MPI_FLOAT, up_proc_id, tag_up, &myRows[SIZE + 1][0], 8, MPI_FLOAT, down_proc_id, tag_up, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);
		// 数据迭代
		// 第一个和最后一个进程取值
		int begin_row = (1 == myid) ? 2 : 1;
		int end_row = (4 == myid)? 1 : 2;
		for (int i = begin_row; i <= end_row; i ++){
			for (int j = 1; j < N - 1; j ++){
				myRows2[i][j] = 0.25 * (myRows[i - 1][j] + myRows[i + 1][j] + myRows[i][j + 1] + myRows[i][j - 1]);
			}
		}
		for (int i = begin_row; i <= end_row; i ++){
			for (int j = 1; j < N - 1; j ++){
				myRows[i][j] = myRows2[i][j];
		    }
	    }
    }
    sleep(myid);
    print_myRows(myid, myRows);
    MPI_Send(&myRows[1][0], 2 * N, MPI_FLOAT, 0, myid, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
	int myid, size;
	
	MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
	MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myid);
	MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);

    if (size != 5){
        printf("Use 5 processes to run Master slave mode!\n");
        MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, 1); // 终止程序,给一个信后
    }

    if (0 == myid){
        master();
    }else{
        slave(myid);
    }
        // 输出结果
	if (0 == myid){
		fprintf(stderr, "\n收集后结果\n");
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i ++){
			for (int j = 0; j < N; j ++){
				fprintf(stderr, "%.3f\t", c[i][j]);
			}
			fprintf(stderr, "\n");
		}
		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
	}
    MPI_Finalize();
	return 0;
}



void print_myRows(int myid, float myRows[][N]){
	int i, j;
	printf("Result in process %d:\n", myid);
	for (i = 0; i < SIZE + 2;i ++){
		for (j = 0; j < N; j ++){
			printf("%1.3f\t", myRows[i][j]);
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
	// MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);
}

任务1

任务描述

编写MPI程序,求和1+2+3+……+100。
要求:
1、使用两个进程
2、进程0计算1+2+…+20,进程1计算21+22+…+100
3、调用计时函数,分别输出两个进程的计算时间。
4、输出两个进程的计算结果,要求结果加起来等于5050

代码


```cpp
#include<stdio.h>
#include<mpi.h>
#include<sys/time.h>
#include<iostream>

int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
    int myrank, size;
    MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
    MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &myrank);
    MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);
    //struct timeval time_start, time_end;
    double pStart, pEnd;

    if (myrank == 0){
        int a = 0;
        int b = 0;
        int sum = 0;
        int tag = 0;
        MPI_Status status;
        pStart =  MPI_Wtime();
        //gettimeofday(&time_start, NULL);
        for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i ++) a += i;
        //gettimeofday(&time_end, NULL);
        pEnd = MPI_Wtime();
        MPI_Recv(&b, 1, MPI_INT, 1, tag, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);
        //printf("rank 0 used time %ld us \n",  time_end.tv_usec - time_start.tv_usec);
        printf("rank 0 耗时 %lf 秒", pEnd - pStart);
        //std::cout << "rank 0 耗时" << pEnd - pStart << "秒" << std::endl;
        printf("rank 0 result is %d, rank 1 result is %d, sum is %d \n", a, b, a + b);
    }else{
        int b = 0;
        int tag = 0;
        pStart = MPI_Wtime();
        for (int i = 21; i <= 100; i ++) b += i;
        //gettimeofday(&time_end, NULL);
        pEnd = MPI_Wtime();
        MPI_Send(&b, 1, MPI_INT, 0, tag, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
        //printf("rank 1 used time %ld us \n",  time_end.tv_usec - time_start.tv_usec);
        printf("rank 1 耗时 %lf 秒", pEnd - pStart);
        //std::cout << "rank 1 耗时"<<  pEnd - pStart << "秒" << std::endl;
    }
    MPI_Finalize();
    return 0;
}



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