相控阵是一种电子扫描阵列，通过计算机控制的相位移器改变馈电到各个天线的相位，从而电子指向不同方向的无线电波束。最初应用于军事雷达系统，现在已扩展到民用领域，如医疗超声成像、石油勘探和军事声纳系统等。相控阵天线通过调整各辐射单元信号相位形成所需波束，具备快速跳频和灵活指向等优点，但也存在覆盖范围有限、频率响应不宽和结构复杂等缺点。
The theory of Phased array and its applications
Glasgow College of UESTC 2017, Hongze YU
Introduction
In the freshman seminar last year, phased array was introduced by the professor, which intrigued me a lot. And this article basically focus on some fundamental ideas and the applications of this technology.
What is Phased array
A phased array means an electronically scanned array, a computer-controlled array of antennas which creates a beam of radio waves that can be electronically steered to point in different directions without moving the antennas. In an array antenna, the radio frequency current from the transmitter is fed to the individual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that the radio waves from the separate antennas add together to increase the radiation in a desired direction, while cancelling to suppress radiation in undesired directions.
In a phased array, the power from the transm
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