设计模式(JAVA)——Flyweight模式

1. Flyweight模式

也称享元模式，共享对象，避免浪费。在应当共享的信息和不应当共享的信息也有两个专业名词。

名词	描述
Intrinsic信息	固有的，不依赖位置与状况，可以共享
Extrinsic信息	非固有的，依赖位置与状况，不可以共享

在使用享元模式时要注意不要让被共享的实例被垃圾回收器回收了

1.1 Flyweight模式的类图

登场角色

• Flyweight(轻量级)
  被共享的类

• FlyweightFactory（轻量级工厂）
  生成Flyweight角色的工厂

• Client(请求者)
  使用Flyweight者

1.2 示例程序

类一览表

名字	说明
BigChar	表示“大字符”类，也是要被共享的类
BigCharFactory	表示生成“大字符”的工厂类
BigString	有“大字符”组成的字符串
Mian	测试类

uml类图

类目录

big0.txt

big1.txt

BigChar类

package xin.ajay.flyweight;

import java.io.*;

public class BigChar {
    private char charname;
    private String fontdata;

    public BigChar(char charname) {
        this.charname = charname;
        try {

            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("big" + charname + ".txt")));

            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine())!=null){
                builder.append(line);
                builder.append("\n");
            }
            reader.close();

            this.fontdata = builder.toString();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void print(){
        System.out.println(fontdata);
    }

}

BigCharFactory类

package xin.ajay.flyweight;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class BigCharFactory {

     private Map<String,BigChar> pool= new HashMap<>();

     private static BigCharFactory singleton = new BigCharFactory();

    private BigCharFactory() {}

    public static BigCharFactory getInstance(){
        return  singleton;
    }

    public synchronized BigChar getBigChar(char charname){
        BigChar bigChar = pool.get("" + charname);
        if(bigChar == null){
            bigChar  = new BigChar(charname);

            pool.put(""+ charname,bigChar);
        }
        return bigChar;
    }

}

BigString类

package xin.ajay.flyweight;

public class BigString {
    private BigChar[] bigChars;


    public BigString(String msg) {
        this.bigChars = new BigChar[msg.length()];

        BigCharFactory factory = BigCharFactory.getInstance();

        for (int i = 0; i < bigChars.length; i++) {
            bigChars[i] = factory.getBigChar(msg.charAt(i));

        }
    }

    public void print(){
        for (int i = 0; i < bigChars.length; i++) {
            bigChars[i].print();
        }
    }

}

Main类

package xin.ajay.flyweight;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        if(args.length==0){
            System.out.println("Usage: java Main digits");
            System.out.println("Example: java Main 0202");
            System.exit(0);
        }

        BigString bigString = new BigString(args[0]);
        bigString.print();


    }
}

结果

鸣谢：

GoF《设计模式》和结城浩的《图解设计模式》