pandas重新设置索引

pandas索引的重新设置

重新设置索引有三种方法
reset_index，set_index以及reindex
常用的是前两种
reset_index: 重新设置索引列，索引为: [0,1,2,3,4,5,6…]
set_index: 可以设置特定列为索引
首先，构建dataframe

import pandas as pd
d={'gene':{'a':'gene1','b':'gene2','c':'gene3','d':'gene4'},'expression':{'a':'low:0','b':'mid:3','c':'mid:4','d':'high:9'},'description':{'a':'transposon element','b':'nuclear genes','c':'retrotransposon','d':'unknown'}}
df=pd.DataFrame(d)

此时，df的索引列为[a,b,c,d]

print(df)
    gene expression         description
a  gene1      low:0  transposon element
b  gene2      mid:3       nuclear genes
c  gene3      mid:4     retrotransposon
d  gene4     high:9             unknown
print(df.index)
Index(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], dtype='object')

设置常规索引：reset_index

df1=df.reset_index()
print(df1)
  index   gene expression         description
0     a  gene1      low:0  transposon element
1     b  gene2      mid:3       nuclear genes
2     c  gene3      mid:4     retrotransposon
3     d  gene4     high:9             unknown

之前的索引[a,b,c,d]成为了新的一列
如果不想保留之前的索引，可以加上参数：drop=True

df1=df.reset_index(drop=True)
print(df1)
    gene expression         description
0  gene1      low:0  transposon element
1  gene2      mid:3       nuclear genes
2  gene3      mid:4     retrotransposon
3  gene4     high:9             unknown

设置df中的特定列为索引set_index

df1=df.set_index('gene')
print(df1)
      expression         description
gene                                
gene1      low:0  transposon element
gene2      mid:3       nuclear genes
gene3      mid:4     retrotransposon
gene4     high:9             unknown

之前的索引[a,b,c,d]已经没有了，即便是加上drop=False 参数也不行

df1=df.set_index('gene',drop=False)
print(df1)
        gene expression         description
gene                                       
gene1  gene1      low:0  transposon element
gene2  gene2      mid:3       nuclear genes
gene3  gene3      mid:4     retrotransposon
gene4  gene4     high:9             unknown

合理使用这两种方法，索引问题就解决了。