最大类间法查找图像二值化阈值

求整幅图像均值的时候，起初想着全部累加然后除以像素点个数（因为加法比较快），但是后来发现图像会越界，导致精度不够，求出的阈值误差很大。

//最大类间方差查找阈值
int OTSU(Mat& src)
{
    if(src.channels() != 1)
        return -1;
    float histogram[256] = {0};
    int size = src.cols*src.rows;
    float averageGray = 0; 
    uchar* data = src.data;
    for(int i = 0; i < src.rows; i ++)
    {
        for(int j = 0; j < src.cols; j++)
        {
            //averageGray += *data;
            histogram[*data++] ++;
        }
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
    {
        histogram[i] = histogram[i] /size;
        averageGray += i * histogram[i];
    }

    int threshold = 0;//分割阈值
    float maxVariance = 0;//最大类间方差
    float frontAverageGray = 0;//前景灰度均值
    float frontRatio = 0;//前景所占比例
    float currentVariance = 0; //当前类间方差

    for(int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
    {
        frontRatio += histogram[i];
        frontAverageGray += i * histogram[i];
		//frontAverageGray / frontRatio为前景图像的灰度均值
        float t = frontAverageGray / frontRatio- averageGray;

        currentVariance = t * t * frontRatio / (1 - frontRatio);
        if(currentVariance > maxVariance)
        {
            maxVariance = currentVariance;
            threshold = i;
        }
    }
    return threshold;
}

参考博客：http://blog.csdn.net/u011285477/article/details/52004513