华为交换路由技术---单臂路由和DHCP配置

3、单臂路由和DHCP配置

实验目的：在路由器上面配置DHCP，让VLAN自动获取IP地址并配置单臂路由让VLAN互通。

3.1 实验拓扑

3.2 实验编址

设备名称	VLAN	接口	IP地址	子网掩码	默认网关
R1（AR2220）	N/A	GE0/0/1.10	192.168.1.254	255.255.255.0	N/A
R1（AR2220）	N/A	GE0/0/1.20	192.168.2.254	255.255.255.0	N/A
SW1（S3700）	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
PC1	VLAN 10	Ethernet0/0/1	192.168.1.0	255.255.255.0	192.168.1.254
PC2	VLAN 20	Ethernet0/0/1	192.168.2.0	255.255.255.0	192.168.2.254

3.3 实验配置

1、R1配置

<Huawei>system-view 
[Huawei]sysname R1
// 创建虚拟接口
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1.10
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10]dot1q termination vid 10
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10]ip address 192.168.1.254 24	
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10]arp broadcast enable
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1.20
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20]dot1q termination vid 20
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20]ip address 192.168.2.254 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20]arp broadcast enable 

2、DHCP配置

方法一：DHCP全局模式配置（本实验用的方法）

<R1>system-view 
[R1]dhcp enable	
// 创建地址池
[R1]ip pool vlan10
[R1-ip-pool-vlan10]network 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0	
[R1-ip-pool-vlan10]gateway-list 192.168.1.254	
[R1-ip-pool-vlan10]dns-list 114.114.114.114
[R1-ip-pool-vlan10]excluded-ip-address 192.168.1.250 192.168.1.251  # 排除IP地址不参与分配
[R1-ip-pool-vlan10]static-bind ip-address 192.168.1.250 mac-address 5489-980B-3022  #绑定 mac 地址
[R1]ip pool vlan20
[R1-ip-pool-vlan20]network 192.168.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0
[R1-ip-pool-vlan20]gateway-list 192.168.2.254
[R1-ip-pool-vlan20]dns-list 114.114.114.114
[R1-ip-pool-vlan20]excluded-ip-address 192.168.2.250 192.168.2.251  # 排除IP地址不参与分配
[R1-ip-pool-vlan20]static-bind ip-address 192.168.2.250 mac-address 5489-980B-3065  #绑定 mac 地址
// 绑定接口（VLAN用vlanif接口）
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1.10	
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10]dhcp select global 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1.20
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20]dhcp select global

3、SW1配置

<Huawei>system-view 
[Huawei]sysname SW1
[SW1]vlan batch 10 20
[SW1]interface Ethernet0/0/1
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]interface Ethernet0/0/2
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20	
[SW1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20

3.4 测试结果

3.5 dhcp其他两种方法配置

方法二：DHCP接口模式配置

<SW1>system-view 
[SW1]vlan 10
[SW1]dhcp enable	
[SW1]interface vlanif 10
[SW1-Vlanif10]ip address 172.16.1.254 24  # 必须要先配置好接口IP才能配置下面的步骤，这个地址作为网关，不需要在配置网关
[SW1-Vlanif10]dhcp select interface	  # 使用接口地址池
[SW1-Vlanif10]dhcp server excluded-ip-address 172.16.1.253  # 排除IP地址不参与分配
[SW1-Vlanif10]dhcp server static-bind ip-address 172.16.1.250 mac-address 5489-980B-3065	  #绑定 mac 地址
[SW1-Vlanif10]dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114

方法三：DHCP中继模式配置

DHCP中继可以跨网段向DHCP服务器动态获取IP地址的问题。便于集中管理和维护。路由器或三层交换机都可以充当DHCP中继设备。

# R1配置
<Huawei>system-view 
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]ip pool vlan_10
[R1-ip-pool-vlan_10]network 192.168.10.0 mask 24
[R1-ip-pool-vlan_10]gateway-list 192.168.10.254
[R1-ip-pool-vlan_10]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8
[R1-ip-pool-vlan_10]quit
[R1]ip pool vlan_20
[R1-ip-pool-vlan_20]network 192.168.20.0 mask 24
[R1-ip-pool-vlan_20]gateway-list 192.168.20.254
[R1-ip-pool-vlan_20]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8
[R1-ip-pool-vlan_20]quit
[R1]dhcp enable
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select global   # 接口使用全局地址池进行DHCP分配
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 172.16.1.2   # 配置一条静态路由，目标网络为192.168.10.0/24，下一跳地址为172.16.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 172.16.1.2

# SW1配置
<Huawei>system-view 
[Huawei]sysname SW1
[SW1]vlan batch 10 20 30	
[SW1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 30
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 10
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 20
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit
[SW1]
[SW1]dhcp enable
[SW1]dhcp server group mydhcp						# 创建名为mydhcp的DHCP服务器组
[SW1-dhcp-server-group-mydhcp]dhcp-server 172.16.1.1	# 添加DHCP服务器的IP
[SW1-dhcp-server-group-mydhcp]quit	
[SW1]interface vlanif10
[SW1-Vlanif10]ip address 192.168.10.254 24
[SW1-Vlanif10]dhcp select relay		# 设置该接口为DHCP中继模式
[SW1-Vlanif10]dhcp relay server-ip 172.16.1.1  # 设置DHCP中继服务器的IP地址
[SW1-Vlanif10]quit
[SW1]interface vlanif20
[SW1-Vlanif20]ip address 192.168.20.254 24
[SW1-Vlanif20]dhcp select relay
[SW1-Vlanif20]dhcp relay server-select mydhcp    # 选择mydhcp作为DHCP服务器组，server-select 和 server-ip 都可以
[SW1-Vlanif20]quit
[SW1]interface vlanif30
[SW1-Vlanif30]ip address 172.16.1.2 24
[SW1-Vlanif30]quit