Radar,a great invention

电子科技大学 格拉斯哥学院 2017级 靳佳木，同组同学 唐浩 谢坤洋
First,I will give a brief introduction to radar.Radar originates from the abbreviation of “radio detection and ranging”. That is to say, target is detected and their spatial position is determined by radio method. Therefore, radar is also known as “radio positioning”. Radar is an electronic device that detects targets by means of electromagnetic waves. Radar emits electromagnetic wave to illuminate the target and receives its echo. From this, the information of distance, range change rate (radial velocity), azimuth and altitude from the target to the emitter of electromagnetic wave can be obtained. And The basic concept of radar was formed in the early 20th century.It was developed rapidly around the Second World War.In China, radar technology began to develop in the early 1950s.

Moreover,Radar can be divided into two categories: continuous wave radar and pulse radar. Single frequency continuous wave radar is the simplest form of radar, and it is easy to obtain the range change rate between moving target and radar. Its main shortcomings are as follows: firstly, it is impossible to directly measure the target distance, if we want to measure the target distance, we must FM, but the target distance measured by FMCW is far less precise than that of pulse radar; secondly, it is easy to confuse targets in multi-target environment; thirdly, the receiving antenna and transmitting antenna of most CW radar must be separated. And a certain degree of isolation is required. For pulse radar,it is easy to achieve accurate ranging, and the receiving echo is in the deadline of transmitting pulse, so there is no problem of isolation between receiving antenna and transmitting antenna, so most of the receiving antenna and transmitting antenna of pulse radar are the same antenna. Because of these advantages, pulse radar plays an important role in all kinds of radar. The pulse signal transmitted by this radar can be a rectangular pulse with a single carrier frequency, such as in the case of ordinary pulse radar, or a pulse modulation signal in the form of coding or frequency modulation, which can increase the signal bandwidth and output very narrow pulses through matched filtering in the receiver, thus improving the ranging accuracy and range Division of radar. Resolution, this is the Pulse Compression Radar. In addition, the phase between adjacent pulses emitted by radar can be irrelevant or coherent signals with certain regularity. Coherent signal has high spectral purity and can achieve good performance of moving target display.

Next,I want to talk about the application of radar.Radar has a wide range of types, and classification methods are very complex. Usually, it can be classified according to the use of radar, such as early warning radar, search and warning radar, radio altimeter radar, weather radar, air traffic control radar, guidance radar, gun-aiming radar, radar fuze, battlefield surveillance radar, airborne interception radar, navigation radar, anti-collision and IFR radar, etc. Here,I only talk about the meteorologic radar.Meteorological radar is one of the main detection tools for warning and forecasting medium and small-scale weather systems, such as typhoons and rainstorm clouds. Conventional radar devices consist of directional antennas, transmitters, receivers, antenna controllers, displays and photographic devices, electronic computers and image transmission. Meteorological radar is an important means of meteorological monitoring and plays an extremely important role in sudden and disastrous monitoring, forecasting and warning. Meteorological radar determines the position and characteristics of the target by the reflection of the radar wave from the target. The object has good electrical conductivity. The stronger the reflective ability to radar wave, the larger the reflective area and the higher the reflective energy. When the geometrical size of the object differs greatly from the wavelength, the reflected energy becomes very weak. When the diameter of the reflector can be compared with the wavelength, the reflected energy will increase significantly. The common radar operating frequency is 200-10000MHz, which mainly depends on the use and performance of the radar. Moreover, it must be in the frequency band specified by the International Telecommunication Union. At present, airlines generally choose X-band airborne weather radar.

In general,radar is a great invention and it bring a lot of convenience to our life.