记录MockMvc请求Controller时，Service报空指针异常的问题与解决

问题重现

代码结构如下：已通过主函数启动，项目无问题，正常运行。

初始代码：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.nancalyy.controller.ModelDataController;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest(classes = ModelServiceApplication.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class ModelDataControllerTest {

    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ModelDataControllerTest.class);

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setUp(){
        logger.info("单元测试------初始化执行");
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new ModelDataController()).build();
    }

    /**
     * 数据统计单元测试
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void dataCounterTest() throws Exception {
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/model/dataCounter")
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON,MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)//请求数据格式
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);//接受所用数据格式

        // 执行请求
        ResultActions result = mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder);

        //结果解析
        result.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) // 打印
                .andReturn(); // 返回
    }

报错：

rg.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Request processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.NullPointerException

	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1014)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:898)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:634)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:883)
	at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.TestDispatcherServlet.service(TestDispatcherServlet.java:72)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:741)
	at org.springframework.mock.web.MockFilterChain$ServletFilterProxy.doFilter(MockFilterChain.java:167)
	at org.springframework.mock.web.MockFilterChain.doFilter(MockFilterChain.java:134)
	at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc.perform(MockMvc.java:183)
	at com.nancalyy.ModelDataControllerTest.dataCounterTest(ModelDataControllerTest.java:46)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.java:74)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.java:84)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:251)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
	at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
	at com.nancalyy.controller.ModelDataController.dataCounter(ModelDataController.java:33)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:190)
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:138)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:106)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:879)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:793)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1040)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:943)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1006)
	... 42 more

原因分析

原因解析：未能注入Service。是由于在单元测试中，使用setup方法初始化测试用例时，使用了new ModelDataController()。该方法就重新建立了一个controller，未使用springboot注入的原controller，因此找不到注入的service。

解决方法

解决方法：采用注入的方式，获取controller实例。
代码如下：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.nancalyy.controller.ModelDataController;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest(classes = ModelServiceApplication.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class ModelDataControllerTest {

    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ModelDataControllerTest.class);

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private ModelDataController modelDataController;

    @Before
    public void setUp(){
        logger.info("单元测试------初始化执行");
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(modelDataController).build();
    }

    /**
     * 数据统计单元测试
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void dataCounterTest() throws Exception {
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/model/dataCounter")
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON,MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)//请求数据格式
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);//接受所用数据格式

        // 执行请求
        ResultActions result = mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder);

        //结果解析
        result.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) // 打印
                .andReturn(); // 返回
    }

其他原因

该问题其余方法：
对于测试用例类，没有添加注解（如下）：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest(classes = XXXXApplication.class)

没添加该注解，就不会执行springboot的主函数。