Anaconda实现12306自动抢票-202212

方tongxue

已于 2023-02-26 10:29:27 修改

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分类专栏：项目文章标签： python Anaconda

于 2022-12-18 21:44:06 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43824059/article/details/128366434

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前期准备

> 设备：PC 
> 浏览器：chrome 
> 软件：chromedriver.exe

使用方法

运行脚本，之后输入用户名与相关的密码可自动抢票
在这里插入图片描述

代码实现

https://gitee.com/fangchao1086/12306_GetTickets/blob/master/GetTicket.ipynb

import random
import getpass
import datetime
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

def BackHome():
    try:
        WebDriverWait(driver, 5, 0.1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.LINK_TEXT, '确定'))).click()  # 消除温馨提示的页面
    except:
        pass
    WebDriverWait(driver, 5, 0.1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.LINK_TEXT, '首页'))).click()

def EnterOrderPage():
    action = ActionChains(driver)   # 实例化一个动作链对象
    element = driver.find_element_by_link_text('车票')
    # 鼠标移动到 '车票' 元素上的中心点
    action.move_to_element(element).perform()
    # 点击'单程' 此单程为首页-车票下拉选项的单程
    driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="J-chepiao"]/div/div[1]/ul/li[1]/a').click()
    # 消除第二次弹窗 温馨提示
    try:
        driver.find_element_by_link_text('确认').click()
    except NoSuchElementException:
        pass

def NotFindTicket():
    try:
        WebDriverWait(driver, 1, 0.01).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="queryLeftTable"]/tr')))
    except:
        return True
    else:
        return False

def StartSearch():
    driver.find_element_by_id("query_ticket").click()
    while NotFindTicket():
        try:
            WebDriverWait(driver,1,0.01).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,"query_ticket"))).click()
        except:
            pass


def SendData2Search():
    blank = WebDriverWait(driver,1,0.1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,"train_date")))
    blank.clear()
    try:
        blank.send_keys(leave_year + "-" + str(leave_month) + "-" + leave_day)
    except TimeoutException:
        pass
    StartSearch()


def SearchTicket():
    # 输入出发地、目的地、出发日期
    driver.find_element_by_id("fromStationText").click()
    driver.find_element_by_id("fromStationText").send_keys(from_station)
    driver.find_element_by_id("fromStationText").send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    driver.find_element_by_id("toStationText").click()
    driver.find_element_by_id("toStationText").send_keys(to_station)
    driver.find_element_by_id("toStationText").send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    driver.find_element_by_id("train_date").click()

    print("leave_month:", leave_month, ",  leave_day", leave_day)
    if int(leave_month) == now_month:
        print("在当前月查找")
        xpath_str = f"/html/body/div[2]/div[37]/div[1]/div[2]/div[{leave_day}]"
        SendData2Search()
    elif int(leave_month) == now_month + 1 if now_month < 12 else 1:
        print("在下个月查找")
        xpath_str = f"/html/body/div[2]/div[37]/div[2]/div[2]/div[{leave_day}]/div"
        SendData2Search()
    else:
        print("购票日期未开票")
        
# 开始登录
def Login(user,pwd):
    driver.find_element_by_id("J-userName").send_keys(user)
    driver.find_element_by_id("J-password").send_keys(pwd)
    driver.find_element_by_id("J-login").click()

    # 解锁滑块
    button = WebDriverWait(driver,1,0.1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH,'//*[@id="nc_1_n1z"]')))
    box = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="nc_1__scale_text"]')
    numRandom = random.randint(1, 20) # 随机值用于解决反爬虫
    chains = ActionChains(driver)
    chains.drag_and_drop_by_offset(button, box.size['width']-button.size['width'] + numRandom, 0) # 将button移动到box的最右边
    chains.perform()
    
def OrderTicket():
    train_num_list = []  # 列车号列表
#     列车号：父元素的标签为tr, 所有标签为td[1]/div/div[1]/div/a
    for t in driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//tr/td[1]/div/div[1]/div/a'):    # 获取列车号
        train_num_list.append(t.text)
    print("Train sum: ", len(train_num_list), "\nTrain_num_list: ", train_num_list)

    rows_list = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//*[@id="queryLeftTable"]/tr[not(@datatran)]')  #过滤没有用的tr标签（属性为datatran）
    if train_num in train_num_list:
        print("开始遍历车次", train_num, "行对应的内容")
        for singleRow in rows_list:
            curTrainNum = singleRow.find_element_by_xpath("./td[1]/div/div[1]/div/a").text  # 取出元素tr里的列车号
            print("curTrainNum:", curTrainNum)
            if train_num == curTrainNum:
                #动车二等座余票
                DText = singleRow.find_element_by_xpath("./td[4]").text
                # 火车二等座余票
                NText = singleRow.find_element_by_xpath("./td[8]").text
                print("动车二等座:", DText, "火车二等座:", NText)
                if (DText == "有" or DText.isdigit()) or (NText == "有" or NText.isdigit()):
                    # 开始预订
                    singleRow.find_element_by_class_name("btn72").click()

                    # 如果需要重新登录
                    try:
                        Login(user, pwd)
                    except:
                        pass
                    
                    # 进入订票页面
                    WebDriverWait(driver, 1).until(EC.url_to_be(order_url))

                    # 选定乘车人
                    WebDriverWait(driver, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, f'//*[@id="normal_passenger_id"]/li/label[contains(text(),"{passenger}")]'))).click()
                    driver.find_element_by_id('submitOrder_id').click()
                    # 选定座位、确认订单
                    driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)
                    driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="erdeng1"]/ul[1]/li[1]/a').click()
                    time.sleep(4)
                    driver.find_element_by_id('qr_submit_id').click()
                    print("订票成功！")
                    break
                else:
                    print("二等座无票！")
    else:
        print("无此列车！")
    print("结束订票")
    
def EnterPayPage():
    while True:
        print("Waiting for refreshing")
        time.sleep(30)
        driver.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/view/train_order.html')
        driver.refresh()
        try:
            driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="J-header-login"]/a[1]').click()
            Login(user, pwd)
            print("You need to login again.")
        except:
            print("You don't need to login in again.")
            pass
        driver.implicitly_wait(2)
        try:
            driver.find_element_by_id('countdown0').click()
            print("You have got your ticket.")
            break
        except:
            print("You have not got your ticket.")
            pass
            
def PayTicket():
    time.sleep(5)
    WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "payButton"))).click()
    time.sleep(1)
    driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[-1])  # 切换窗口
    driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="toolbar_Div"]/div[2]/div[2]/div/form/div[9]/div/img').click()
    driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="J_tLoginId"]').send_keys(user)
    driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="payPasswd_rsainput"]').send_keys(pwd_pay)
    time.sleep(2)
    WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="J_submitBtn"]/span'))).click()
    driver.implicitly_wait(5)
    driver.find_element_by_class_name('sixDigitPassword').send_keys(pwd_pay)
    WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="J_authSubmit"]'))).click()
    

# 用户
user = getpass.getpass("12306登录用户:")
pwd = getpass.getpass("12306登录密码:")
pwd_pay = getpass.getpass("支付宝支付密码:")

# 订票信息
from_station = "北京"  # 出发地
to_station = "深圳"  # 目的地
passenger = "name"  # 乘客名
train_num = "D_train"  # 列车号
depart_time = "2022-12-18"  # 出发时间

# 数据预处理
order_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc'
now_month = datetime.date.today().month
leave_year = depart_time.split('-')[0]
leave_month = depart_time.split('-')[1]
leave_day = depart_time.split('-')[2]

# 打开Chrome,登录网页
driver = webdriver.Chrome('./driver/chromedriver.exe')

# 解决反爬问题
driver.execute_cdp_cmd("Page.addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument", {
    "source": """
    Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {
      get: () => undefined
    })
  """
})

# 登陆
driver.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html')
driver.maximize_window()
Login(user,pwd)  # 自动登录
BackHome()
EnterOrderPage()
SearchTicket()
OrderTicket()
time.sleep(25)  # 等待出票
EnterPayPage()
PayTicket()
driver.quit()