从源码看如何管理设备号

1.char_device_struct

在linux/fs/char_dev.c中

static struct char_device_struct {
	//指向下一个链表结点
	struct char_device_struct *next;
	//主设备号
	unsigned int major;
	//次设备号
	unsigned int baseminor;
	//数量
	int minorct;
	//名字
	char name[64];
	//内核字符对象--已经被丢弃
	struct cdev *cdev;		/* will die */
} *chrdevs[CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE];

2._register_chrdev_region函数分析

在linux/fs/char_dev.c中
__register_chrdev_region()

static struct char_device_struct *
__register_chrdev_region(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
			   int minorct, const char *name)
{
	struct char_device_struct *cd, *curr, *prev = NULL;
	int ret;
	int i;

	//设备号大于512号，出错
	if (major >= CHRDEV_MAJOR_MAX) {
		pr_err("CHRDEV \"%s\" major requested (%u) is greater than the maximum (%u)\n",
		       name, major, CHRDEV_MAJOR_MAX-1);
		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
	}

	if (minorct > MINORMASK + 1 - baseminor) {
		pr_err("CHRDEV \"%s\" minor range requested (%u-%u) is out of range of maximum range (%u-%u) for a single major\n",
			name, baseminor, baseminor + minorct - 1, 0, MINORMASK);
		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
	}

	//1.动态申请内存	
	cd = kzalloc(sizeof(struct char_device_struct), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (cd == NULL)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);

	//主设备号为0，动态分配主设备号
	if (major == 0) {
		ret = find_dynamic_major();
		if (ret < 0) {
			pr_err("CHRDEV \"%s\" dynamic allocation region is full\n",
			       name);
			goto out;
		}
		major = ret;
	}

	ret = -EBUSY;
	//主设备号转换为数组下标
	i = major_to_index(major);
	//遍历某个数组下标所指向的链表
	for (curr = chrdevs[i]; curr; prev = curr, curr = curr->next) {
        //比较主设备号，小于要注册的主设备号
		if (curr->major < major)
			continue;

		//大于，跳出循环
		if (curr->major > major)
			break;

	    //主设备号相等的话，比较次设备号，次设备号小于的话重新循环
		if (curr->baseminor + curr->minorct <= baseminor)
			continue;
        //大于的话直接跳出循环
		if (curr->baseminor >= baseminor + minorct)
			break;

		goto out;
	}

	cd->major     = major;
	cd->baseminor = baseminor;
	cd->minorct   = minorct;
	strlcpy(cd->name, name, sizeof(cd->name));

	if (!prev) {
		cd->next = curr;
		chrdevs[i] = cd;
	} else {
		cd->next = prev->next;
		prev->next = cd;
	}

	mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
	return cd;
out:
	mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
	kfree(cd);
	return ERR_PTR(ret);
}

find_dynamic_major()

static int find_dynamic_major(void)
{
	int i;
	struct char_device_struct *cd;

	//优先从254-314分配主设备号
	for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(chrdevs)-1; i >= CHRDEV_MAJOR_DYN_END/*234*/; i--) {
		if (chrdevs[i] == NULL)
			return i;
	}

	//从384-511中选择主设备号
	for (i = CHRDEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_START/*511*/;
	     i >= CHRDEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_END/*314*/; i--) {
		for (cd = chrdevs[major_to_index(i)]; cd; cd = cd->next)
			//1.如果主设备号被占用,退出第二层循环
			if (cd->major == i)
				break;
        //如果384-511中有主设备号没有被占有，则返回当前下标
		if (cd == NULL)
			return i;
	}

	return -EBUSY/*-16*/;
}

3.结论

• 主设备号为0，内核动态分配主设备号
  • 优先使用：234~255
• 其次使用：384~511
• 主设备号最大为512