opencv入门一百题

Question1 拆分及合并图像通道

读取图像，按BGR的顺序更换RGB。

要取出图像的红色成分，可以使用以下代码。

注意cv2.imread（）函数中的通道是BGR的顺序！

至此变量redimori.jpg只含有红色成分。

import cv2
img = cv2.imread("imori.jpg")
red = img[:, :, 2].copy()

import cv2
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

image_path = './images/imori.jpg'
image = cv2.imread(image_path)
cv2.imshow('BGR', image)

blue = image[:, :, 0].copy()
green = image[:, :, 1].copy()
red = image[:, :, 2].copy()

image[:, :, 0] = red
image[:, :, 1] = green
image[:, :, 2] = blue

cv2.imshow('RGB', image)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

import cv2
image_path = './images/imori.jpg'
image = cv2.imread(image_path)
cv2.imshow('BGR', image)

b, g, r = cv2.split(image)
image = cv2.merge([r, g, b])

cv2.imshow('RGB', image)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

Question2 灰度图

把图像做成灰度。
灰度是图像的亮度表现方法的一种，用以下公式计算。
Y = 0.2126 R + 0.7152 G + 0.0722 B

import cv2
import numpy as np
image_path = './images/imori.jpg'
image = cv2.imread(image_path)

b = image[:, :, 0]
g = image[:, :, 1]
r = image[:, :, 2]
y = 0.2126*r + 0.7152*g + 0.0772*b

y = y.astype(np.uint8)
cv2.imwrite('./out/GRAY.jpg', y)
cv2.imshow('GRAY', y)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

import cv2

image_path = './images/imori.jpg'
image = cv2.imread(image_path)

gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

cv2.imshow('Gray', gray)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

Question3 二值化

把图像二值化。
二值化是一种用黑色和白色二值表示图像的方法。
这里，在灰度中将阈值设定为128，用下式进行二值化。

y = { 0 (if y < 128)
     255 (else) 

import cv2
import numpy as np

image_path = './images/imori.jpg'
image = cv2.imread(image_path)

b = image[:, :, 0].copy()
g = image[:, :, 1].copy()
r = image[:, :, 2].copy()
y = 0.2126*r + 0.7152*g + 0.0722*b
y = y.astype(np.uint8)

y[y < 128] = 0
y[y >= 128] = 255
cv2.imwrite('./out/ERZHI.jpg', y)
cv2.imshow('ERZHI', y)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

import cv2
import numpy as np
image_path = './images/imori.jpg'
image = cv2.imread(image_path)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
_, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
cv2.imshow('Thresh', thresh)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()