Android移动应用开发--fragment的相关

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-21 10:52:18 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-06-21 10:52:18 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43870670/article/details/106181157

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文章目录

fragment入门

通过布局静态添加：
    通过oncreateView这个方法，fragment可以加载自己的布局
    布局文件里的name属性的值是我们自己定义的fragment
动态添加fragment
    获取fragment的管理者
    开启一个事务
    提交事务

静态添加

package com.dsl.fragmentbasic;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }
}


package com.dsl.fragmentbasic;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * 定义fragment 理解为activity的一部分
 */
public class fragment1 extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        /**
         * 当系统第一次画UI的时候调用通过这个方法可以让fragment显示自己的布局的内容
         */
       //通过一个布局转化为view对象
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment1_layout, null);



        return view;
    }
}


package com.dsl.fragmentbasic;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

public class fragment2 extends Fragment {


    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        /**
         * 当系统第一次画UI的时候调用通过这个方法可以让fragment显示自己的布局的内容
         */
        //通过一个布局转化为view对象
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment2layout, null);



        return view;
    }
}


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <fragment
        android:name="com.dsl.fragmentbasic.fragment1"
        android:id="@+id/list"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
    <fragment
        android:name="com.dsl.fragmentbasic.fragment2"
        android:id="@+id/viewer"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</LinearLayout>



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textColor="#ff00"
        android:text="我是fragment1里面的内容"/>

</LinearLayout>



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textColor="#000000"
        android:text="我是fragment2里面的内容"/>

</LinearLayout>

动态添加

package com.dsl.activeaddfragment;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.WindowManager;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //获取手机的分辨率
        WindowManager wm = (WindowManager) getSystemService(WINDOW_SERVICE);
        int width = wm.getDefaultDisplay().getWidth();
        int height = wm.getDefaultDisplay().getHeight();
        //获取fragment的管理者，通过上下文
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
        //开启事务
        FragmentTransaction beginTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        if (width<height){
            //竖屏操作,加载一个fragment，android.R.id.content代表当前手机的窗体
            beginTransaction.replace(android.R.id.content,new Fragment1());
        }
        if (width>height){
            //横屏操作
            beginTransaction.replace(android.R.id.content,new Fragment2());
        }
        //提交事务
        beginTransaction.commit();

    }
}

package com.dsl.activeaddfragment;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

public class Fragment1 extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment1_layout, null);
        return  view;
    }
}

package com.dsl.activeaddfragment;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

public class Fragment2 extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment2layout, null);
        return  view;
    }
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

</LinearLayout>




<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textColor="#ff00"
        android:text="我是竖屏"/>

</LinearLayout>



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textColor="#000000"
        android:text="我是横屏"/>

</LinearLayout>

模拟微信界面案例

package com.dsl.weixin;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button wx = findViewById(R.id.wx);
        Button contact = findViewById(R.id.contact);
        Button find = findViewById(R.id.find);
        Button mine = findViewById(R.id.mine);
        wx.setOnClickListener(this);
        contact.setOnClickListener(this);
        find.setOnClickListener(this);
        mine.setOnClickListener(this);

    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {

        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction beginTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        //判断点击的按钮
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.wx:
beginTransaction.replace(R.id.ll,new WxFragment());
                break;
            case R.id.contact:
                beginTransaction.replace(R.id.ll,new ContactFragment());
                break;
            case R.id.find:
                beginTransaction.replace(R.id.ll,new FindFragment());
                break;
            case R.id.mine:
                beginTransaction.replace(R.id.ll,new MineFragment());
                break;

        }
        beginTransaction.commit();
    }
}


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
<LinearLayout
    android:id="@+id/ll"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical">
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
    android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="horizontal">


    <Button
        android:id="@+id/wx"
        android:layout_marginRight="5dp"
        android:text="微信"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"/>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/contact"
        android:layout_marginRight="5dp"
        android:text="通信录"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"/>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/find"
        android:layout_marginRight="5dp"
        android:text="发现"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"/>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/mine"
        android:layout_marginRight="5dp"
        android:text="我的"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"/>

</LinearLayout>

</RelativeLayout>


package com.dsl.weixin;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

public class WxFragment extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.wx_layout, null);
        //按钮的点击事件
        view.findViewById(R.id.test).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                System.out.println("我被点击了");
            }
        });
        return view;
    }
}


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:text="这是微信模块"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/test"
        android:text="测试按钮"/>

</LinearLayout>


package com.dsl.weixin;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

public class ContactFragment extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.contact_layout, null);
        return view;
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:text="这是通讯录模块"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>


</LinearLayout>

package com.dsl.weixin;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

public class FindFragment extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.find_layout, null);
        return view;
    }
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:text="这是发现模块"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>


</LinearLayout>

package com.dsl.weixin;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

public class MineFragment extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.mine_layout, null);
        return view;
    }
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:text="这是我的模块"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>


</LinearLayout>

fragment之间的通信

package com.dsl.fragmentactive;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();

        FragmentTransaction beginTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        beginTransaction.replace(R.id.ll1,new fragment1(),"f1");
        beginTransaction.replace(R.id.ll2,new fragment2(),"f2");
        beginTransaction.commit();

    }
}



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  android:orientation="horizontal"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
<LinearLayout
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:id="@+id/ll1"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_weight="1"/>
    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:id="@+id/ll2"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1"/>

</LinearLayout>



package com.dsl.fragmentactive;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * 定义fragment 理解为activity的一部分
 */
public class fragment1 extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        /**
         * 当系统第一次画UI的时候调用通过这个方法可以让fragment显示自己的布局的内容
         */
       //通过一个布局转化为view对象
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment1_layout, null);
        //设置按钮的点击事件
  view.findViewById(R.id.update).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
      @Override
      public void onClick(View v) {

          //修改fragment2里的内容
          fragment2 f2 = (fragment2) getActivity().getFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag("f2");
      f2.update("这是谁啊？");
      }
  });


        return view;
    }
}




<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
<Button
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:id="@+id/update"
    android:text="修改"/>

</LinearLayout>



package com.dsl.fragmentactive;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

public class fragment2 extends Fragment {

    TextView tv1;
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        /**
         * 当系统第一次画UI的时候调用通过这个方法可以让fragment显示自己的布局的内容
         */
        //通过一个布局转化为view对象
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment2layout, null);
        tv1 = view.findViewById(R.id.tv1);


        return view;
    }
    public void update(String content){
        tv1.setText(content);
    }

}



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textColor="#000000"
        android:text="hello world"/>

</LinearLayout>

菜单

声明菜单
动态添加菜单

package com.dsl.mune;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        //第一种：静态的方法
     //   getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
        //第二种：动态的去添加

        menu.add(0,1,0,"前进");
        menu.add(0,2,0,"后退");

        menu.add(0,3,0,"首页");



        return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
    }


    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case 1:
                System.out.println("11111");


                break;
            case 2:

                System.out.println("222222222");

                break;
            case 3:

                System.out.println("33333333");

                break;
        }
        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

    //当菜单打开之前调用这个方法
    @Override
    public boolean onMenuOpened(int featureId, Menu menu) {

        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
        builder.setTitle("警告");
        builder.setMessage("不能返回。。。。。");
        builder.setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

            }
        });
        builder.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

            }
        });
        builder.show();
        return false;
    }
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

AutoCompleteTextView控件的使用

显示数据的原理和listview一样，也需要数据适配器

package com.dsl.utocompletetextview;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.AutoCompleteTextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final String[] COUNTRIES = new String[] {
            "Belgium", "France", "Italy", "Germany", "Spain","Brain","Speech"
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        AutoCompleteTextView actv = findViewById(R.id.actv);
        //定义适配器
        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
                android.R.layout.simple_dropdown_item_1line, COUNTRIES);
        //显示数据
        actv.setAdapter(adapter);

    }
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

<AutoCompleteTextView
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:completionThreshold="1"
    android:id="@+id/actv"/>

</RelativeLayout>