Netty作为服务端向客户端推送消息

Socket弊端

前言

1、可能有大量的线程处于休眠，只是等待输入或者输出数据
2、每个线程的调用栈都分配内存很庞大
3、线程间上下文切换开销
可以理解为你要雇那么多工人还有给工人每个人分一块地盘，而且你还得不停地切换用哪个工人。

引入NIO

IO

NIO

class java.nio.channels.Selector是Java的非阻塞I/O实现的关键。它使用了事件通知API以确定在一组非阻塞套接字中有哪些已经就绪能够进行I/O相关的操作。

Netty介绍

设计 统一的API，支持多种传输类型，阻塞的和非阻塞的
简单而强大的线程模型
真正的无连接数据报套接字支持
链接逻辑组件以支持复用
易于使用 详实的Javadoc和大量的示例集
不需要超过JDK 1.6+[7]的依赖。（一些可选的特性可能需要Java 1.7+和/或额外的依赖）
性能 拥有比Java的核心API更高的吞吐量以及更低的延迟
得益于池化和复用，拥有更低的资源消耗
最少的内存复制
健壮性 不会因为慢速、快速或者超载的连接而导致OutOfMemoryError
消除在高速网络中NIO应用程序常见的不公平读/写比率
安全性 完整的SSL/TLS以及StartTLS支持
可用于受限环境下，如Applet和OSGI
社区驱动 发布快速而且频繁

Netty核心

Channel它代表一个到实体（如一个硬件设备、一个文件、一个网络套接字或者一个能够执行一个或者多个不同的I/O操作的程序组件）的开放连接，如读操作和写操作
回调；
Future；
事件和ChannelHandler

项目中用到的netty

netty作为服务端，向客户端推送视差信息

package com.wg.server;

import com.wg.constant.Constants;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.FixedLengthFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.Future;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

/**
 * @author lst
 * @date 2023/6/6 16:58
 * @return null
 */
@Slf4j
@Service
public class DirectionServer {
    @Value("${netty.thread-number:1}")
    private int threadNumber;
    @Value("${direction.port:8096}")
    private int port;
    @Autowired
    private DirectionServerHandler directionServerHandler;
    private Channel channel;
    private final EventLoopGroup GROUP = new NioEventLoopGroup(threadNumber);

    public void start() throws Exception {
        // 1、启动器，负责装配netty组件，启动服务器
        ChannelFuture channelFuture = new ServerBootstrap()
                // 2、创建 NioEventLoopGroup，可以简单理解为 线程池 + Selector
                .group(GROUP)
                // 3、选择服务器的 ServerSocketChannel 实现
                .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                // 4、child 负责处理读写，该方法决定了 child 执行哪些操作
                // ChannelInitializer 处理器（仅执行一次）
                // 它的作用是待客户端SocketChannel建立连接后，执行initChannel以便添加更多的处理器
                .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() {

                    @Override
                    protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(Constants.MEG_LENGTH));
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(directionServerHandler);
                    }
                }).bind(port).sync();
        if (channelFuture != null && channelFuture.isSuccess()) {
            log.warn("DirectionServer start success, port = {}", port);
            // 获取通道
            channel = channelFuture.channel();

            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
                @Override
                public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
                    log.warn(future.channel().toString() + " 链路关闭");
                    // 链路关闭时，再释放线程池和连接句柄
                    GROUP.shutdownGracefully();
                }
            });
        } else {
            log.error("DirectionServer start failed!");
        }
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void destroy() {
        try {
            if (channel != null) {
                ChannelFuture await = channel.close().await();
                if (!await.isSuccess()) {
                    log.error("DirectionServer channel close fail, {}", await.cause());
                }
            }
            Future<?> future = GROUP.shutdownGracefully().await();
            if (!future.isSuccess()) {
                log.error("DirectionServer group shutdown fail, {}", future.cause());
            }
            if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
                log.info("DirectionServer shutdown success");
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            log.error("DirectionServer shutdown fail, {}", e);
        }
    }

}

/**
 * WebServerHandler.java
 * Created at 2022-08-30
 * Created by chenyuxiang
 * Copyright (C) 2022 WEGO Group, All rights reserved.
 */
package com.wg.server;

import cn.hutool.core.util.HexUtil;
import com.wg.constant.Constants;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

/**
 * @author lst
 * @date 2023/6/6 16:57
 * @return null
 */
@Slf4j
@Service
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class DirectionServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    /**
     * 接入的主程序入口服务
     */
    public static final Map<String, ChannelHandlerContext> DIRECTION_MAP = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        String uuid = ctx.channel().id().asLongText();
        DIRECTION_MAP.put(uuid, ctx);
        log.info("连接请求进入: {}， 地址: {}", uuid, ctx.channel().remoteAddress());
        super.channelActive(ctx);
    }

    @Override
    public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        String uuid = ctx.channel().id().asLongText();
        DIRECTION_MAP.remove(uuid);
        ctx.channel().close();
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        ByteBuf in = (ByteBuf) msg;
        try {
            byte[] bytes = new byte[Constants.MEG_LENGTH];
            in.readBytes(bytes);
            log.info("收到消息 --> {}", HexUtil.encodeHexStr(bytes));
        } finally {
            // 释放ByteBuf
            ReferenceCountUtil.release(in);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
        String uuid = ctx.channel().id().asLongText();
        DIRECTION_MAP.remove(uuid);
        log.error(cause.getMessage());
        ctx.close();
    }


}

package com.wg.job;

import cn.hutool.core.thread.ThreadUtil;
import cn.hutool.core.util.HexUtil;
import com.wg.constant.Constants;
import com.wg.controller.RecordSnapShotController;
import com.wg.model.RecordStatusRes;
import com.wg.server.WebServerHandler;
import com.wg.util.MessageUtil;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Map;

import static cn.hutool.core.convert.Convert.hexToBytes;
import static com.wg.common.RecordStatus.RECORDING;
import static com.wg.controller.UserController.*;
import static com.wg.server.DirectionServerHandler.DIRECTION_MAP;

/**
 * @author lst
 * @date 2023年06月08日 15:07
 */
@Component
@Slf4j
public class DirectionJob {
    private static int msgId = -1;
    @Value("${directionAndRecordStatus.interval:1000}")
    private long interval;

    @Scheduled(fixedDelayString = "${working.sendDirectionMessageToClient:30000}")
    public void sendDirectionMessageToClient() throws InterruptedException {
        if (System.getProperty("os.name") != null && System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().startsWith("windows")) {
            return;
        }
        if (!DIRECTION_MAP.isEmpty()) {
            for (Map.Entry<String, ChannelHandlerContext> entry : DIRECTION_MAP.entrySet()) {
                String msgId0xFF = generateMsgId();
                String cmdName0xFF = "08";
                String key = msgId0xFF + cmdName0xFF + fillZero(Integer.toHexString(horizontalVal & 0xFF)) + fillZero(Integer.toHexString(upAndDownVal & 0xFF));
                byte[] bytes = hexToBytes(key);
                log.info(key + "," + "此处发送上下左右数值指令:" + HexUtil.encodeHexStr(bytes));
                entry.getValue().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(bytes));

                Thread.sleep(interval);

                msgId0xFF = generateMsgId();
                cmdName0xFF = "09";
                RecordStatusRes recordStatusRes = new RecordSnapShotController().getCplusplusRecordStatus();
                String record0xFF = "00";
                if (recordStatusRes != null && recordStatusRes.getStatus() != null && recordStatusRes.getStatus().equals(RECORDING)) {
                    //录制中
                    record0xFF = "01";
                }
                String recordKey = msgId0xFF + cmdName0xFF + record0xFF;
                byte[] recordBytes = hexToBytes(recordKey);
                log.info(recordKey + "," + "此处发送录像状态指令:" + HexUtil.encodeHexStr(recordBytes));
                entry.getValue().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(recordBytes));
            }
        }

    }

    public static String generateMsgId() {
        msgId++;
        //取低8位就可以
        String ret = Integer.toHexString(msgId & 0xFF);
        ret = ret.length() == 1 ? "0" + ret : ret;
        return ret;
    }

    private static String fillZero(String str) {
        str = str.length() == 1 ? "0" + str : str;
        return str;
    }

}