数据集来源：天池零基础入门NLP - 新闻文本分类。
完整工程代码点击这里。
数据集比较庞大，14个类别，每个文本平均长度为900。一开始就是搭建了很简单的RNN，然后出问题了，模型不收敛，后来看到其他大佬分享的baseline，基本都是把文本截断的，截断到250左右。
于是我截断了下，模型有点收敛了，但是跑了几十个epoch还是0.3的精度上不去。。。。
然后又找了别人 的TextRNN模型框架，发现了有个很细微的区别，别人的Lstm里面加了dropout，我就有点儿懵，这不是防过拟合的吗？这个模型都还没收敛呢？咋肥事？
本着实践是检验真理的唯一标准，我简单加了dropout进行试验，没想到模型很快就收敛了。。。。。。。准确率直接奔着0.8去了。。。。
我都无语了，咋肥事？
于是搜索了下资料，得到如下：
rnn有放大噪音的功能，某些时候会反过来伤害模型的学习能力，添加dropout会在训练时有选择的抛弃掉一些无用的信息。
让我瞬间恍然大悟，为啥呢？因为我当时和TextCNN做比较，我也简单搭建了一个TextCNN跑这个新闻分类数据，TextCNN很快就收敛了，而且准确率也很快上升到0.8左右。
因为TextCNN底层类似于有分段功能，把文本分段成很多部分，那么一个很长的文本中，有一些无用的干扰信息片段的文本，就会被CNN给踢了，但是RNN就是循环神经网络，从左到右不会扔掉任何数据，一直循环到结束，这个过程就会不可控的把一些无用干扰信息也学习了进来，导致模型无法识别收敛。
总结
经过反复实验，结论如下：
1、textcnn的鲁棒性远高于textrnn，不论是长文本还是短文本，抗干扰性能都表现良好，在普通的文本分类任务中效果教好，但是，对于需要分析更复杂的语义信息这种，textrnn效果好于textcnn,textrnn可以挖掘出更深入的信息，做任务时需要有针对性的选择模型。
2、长文本很考验RNN的学习能力，对模型的要求也很高，可以利用把长文本分成几个短文本进行训练，效果会好很多。
下面的代码为了尽快跑出结果缩小了模型规模，所以准确率没到达0.80，需要的同学的自己改模型结构哈~
普通TextRNN代码
import pandas as pd
from collections import Counter
import pandas as pd
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.autograd import Variable
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split, GroupKFold, KFold
import numpy as np
import torch
from torch import autograd
import os
from tqdm import tqdm
from gensim.models.word2vec import Word2Vec
#device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
device = torch.device("cuda:0")
#--------------------------加载数据----------------------------
df = pd.read_csv('/新闻文本分类/train_set.csv',sep='\t')
#mx_length = 900
vocabs_size = 0
n_class = 14
training_step = 20#迭代次数
batch_size = 256#每个批次的大小
train = []
targets = []
label = df['label'].values
text = df['text'].values
id = 0
for val in tqdm(text):
s = val.split(' ')
single_data = []
for i in range(len(s)):
vocabs_size = max(vocabs_size,int(s[i])+1)
single_data.append(int(s[i])+1)
if len(single_data)>=256:
train.append(single_data)
targets.append(int(label[id]))
single_data = []
if len(single_data)>=150:
single_data = single_data + [0]*(256-len(single_data))
train.append(single_data)
targets.append(int(label[id]))
id += 1
train = np.array(train)
targets = np.array(targets)
class Bi_Lstm(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Bi_Lstm,self).__init__()
self.embeding = nn.Embedding(vocabs_size+1,100)
self.lstm = nn.LSTM(input_size = 100, hidden_size = 100,num_layers = 1,bidirectional = False,batch_first=True,dropout=0.5)#加了双向，输出的节点数翻2倍
self.l1 = nn.BatchNorm1d(100)
self.l2 = nn.ReLU()
self.l3 = nn.Linear(100,n_class)#特征输入
self.l4 = nn.Dropout(0.3)
self.l5 = nn.BatchNorm1d(n_class)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.embeding(x)
out,_ = self.lstm(x)
#选择最后一个时间点的output
out = self.l1(out[:,-1,:])
out = self.l2(out)
out = self.l3(out)
out = self.l4(out)
out = self.l5(out)
return out
print(train.shape)
print(targets.shape)
kf = KFold(n_splits=5, shuffle=True, random_state=2021)#5折交叉验证
for fold, (train_idx, test_idx) in enumerate(kf.split(train, targets)):
print('-'*15, '>', f'Fold {fold+1}', '<', '-'*15)
x_train, x_val = train[train_idx], train[test_idx]
y_train, y_val = targets[train_idx], targets[test_idx]
M_train = len(x_train)-1
M_val = len(x_val)
x_train = torch.from_numpy(x_train).to(torch.long).to(device)
x_val = torch.from_numpy(x_val).to(torch.long).to(device)
y_train = torch.from_numpy(y_train).to(torch.long).to(device)
y_val = torch.from_numpy(y_val).to(torch.long).to(device)
model = Bi_Lstm()
model.to(device)
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(),lr=0.001)
loss_func = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()#多分类的任务
model.train()#模型中有BN和Droupout一定要添加这个说明
#开始迭代
for step in range(training_step):
print('step=',step)
L_val = -batch_size
with tqdm(np.arange(0,M_train,batch_size), desc='Training...') as tbar:
for index in tbar:
L = index
R = min(M_train,index+batch_size)
L_val += batch_size
L_val %= M_val
R_val = min(M_val,L_val + batch_size)
#-----------------训练内容------------------
train_pre = model(x_train[L:R]) # 喂给 model训练数据 x, 输出预测值
train_loss = loss_func(train_pre, y_train[L:R])
val_pre = model(x_val[L_val:R_val])#验证集也得分批次，不然数据量太大内存爆炸
val_loss = loss_func(val_pre, y_val[L_val:R_val])
#----------- -----计算准确率----------------
train_acc = np.sum(np.argmax(np.array(train_pre.data.cpu()),axis=1) == np.array(y_train[L:R].data.cpu()))/(R-L)
val_acc = np.sum(np.argmax(np.array(val_pre.data.cpu()),axis=1) == np.array(y_val[L_val:R_val].data.cpu()))/(R_val-L_val)
#---------------打印在进度条上--------------
tbar.set_postfix(train_loss=float(train_loss.data.cpu()),train_acc=train_acc,val_loss=float(val_loss.data.cpu()),val_acc=val_acc)
tbar.update() # 默认参数n=1，每update一次，进度+n
#-----------------反向传播更新---------------
optimizer.zero_grad() # 清空上一步的残余更新参数值
train_loss.backward() # 以训练集的误差进行反向传播, 计算参数更新值
optimizer.step() # 将参数更新值施加到 net 的 parameters 上
del model
运行结果
加了Attention的代码
import pandas as pd
from collections import Counter
import pandas as pd
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.autograd import Variable
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split, GroupKFold, KFold
import numpy as np
import torch
from torch import autograd
import os
from tqdm import tqdm
from gensim.models.word2vec import Word2Vec
#device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
device = torch.device("cuda:0")
#--------------------------加载数据----------------------------
df = pd.read_csv('/新闻文本分类/train_set.csv',sep='\t')
#mx_length = 900
vocabs_size = 0
n_class = 14
training_step = 20#迭代次数
batch_size = 256#每个批次的大小
train = []
targets = []
label = df['label'].values
text = df['text'].values
id = 0
for val in tqdm(text):
s = val.split(' ')
single_data = []
for i in range(len(s)):
vocabs_size = max(vocabs_size,int(s[i])+1)
single_data.append(int(s[i])+1)
if len(single_data)>=256:
train.append(single_data)
targets.append(int(label[id]))
single_data = []
if len(single_data)>=150:
single_data = single_data + [0]*(256-len(single_data))
train.append(single_data)
targets.append(int(label[id]))
id += 1
train = np.array(train)
targets = np.array(targets)
class Bi_Lstm(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Bi_Lstm,self).__init__()
self.embeding = nn.Embedding(vocabs_size+1,100)
self.lstm = nn.LSTM(input_size = 100, hidden_size = 100,num_layers = 1,bidirectional = False,batch_first=True,dropout=0.5)#加了双向，输出的节点数翻2倍
self.l1 = nn.BatchNorm1d(100)
self.l2 = nn.ReLU()
self.l3 = nn.Linear(100,n_class)#特征输入
self.l4 = nn.Dropout(0.3)
self.l5 = nn.BatchNorm1d(n_class)
def attention_net(self, lstm_output, final_state):
batch_size = len(lstm_output)
hidden = final_state.view(batch_size, -1, 1) # hidden : [batch_size, n_hidden * num_directions(=2), n_layer(=1)]
attn_weights = torch.bmm(lstm_output, hidden).squeeze(2) # attn_weights : [batch_size, n_step]
soft_attn_weights = F.softmax(attn_weights, 1)
# context : [batch_size, n_hidden * num_directions(=2)]
context = torch.bmm(lstm_output.transpose(1, 2), soft_attn_weights.unsqueeze(2)).squeeze(2)
return context, soft_attn_weights
def forward(self, x):
x = self.embeding(x)
#out,_ = self.lstm(x)
out, (final_hidden_state, final_cell_state) = self.lstm(x)
#选择最后一个时间点的output
'''
out = self.l1(out[:,-1,:])
out = self.l2(out)
out = self.l3(out)
out = self.l4(out)
out = self.l5(out)
'''
#output = out.transpose(0, 1) # output : [batch_size, seq_len, n_hidden]
attn_output, attention = self.attention_net(out, final_hidden_state)
#return self.out(attn_output), attention # model : [batch_size, num_classes]
out = self.l3(attn_output)
out = self.l4(out)
out = self.l5(out)
return out
print(train.shape)
print(targets.shape)
kf = KFold(n_splits=5, shuffle=True, random_state=2021)#5折交叉验证
for fold, (train_idx, test_idx) in enumerate(kf.split(train, targets)):
print('-'*15, '>', f'Fold {fold+1}', '<', '-'*15)
x_train, x_val = train[train_idx], train[test_idx]
y_train, y_val = targets[train_idx], targets[test_idx]
M_train = len(x_train)-1
M_val = len(x_val)
x_train = torch.from_numpy(x_train).to(torch.long).to(device)
x_val = torch.from_numpy(x_val).to(torch.long).to(device)
y_train = torch.from_numpy(y_train).to(torch.long).to(device)
y_val = torch.from_numpy(y_val).to(torch.long).to(device)
model = Bi_Lstm()
model.to(device)
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(),lr=0.001)
loss_func = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()#多分类的任务
model.train()#模型中有BN和Droupout一定要添加这个说明
#开始迭代
for step in range(training_step):
print('step=',step)
L_val = -batch_size
with tqdm(np.arange(0,M_train,batch_size), desc='Training...') as tbar:
for index in tbar:
L = index
R = min(M_train,index+batch_size)
L_val += batch_size
L_val %= M_val
R_val = min(M_val,L_val + batch_size)
#-----------------训练内容------------------
train_pre = model(x_train[L:R]) # 喂给 model训练数据 x, 输出预测值
train_loss = loss_func(train_pre, y_train[L:R])
val_pre = model(x_val[L_val:R_val])#验证集也得分批次，不然数据量太大内存爆炸
val_loss = loss_func(val_pre, y_val[L_val:R_val])
#----------- -----计算准确率----------------
train_acc = np.sum(np.argmax(np.array(train_pre.data.cpu()),axis=1) == np.array(y_train[L:R].data.cpu()))/(R-L)
val_acc = np.sum(np.argmax(np.array(val_pre.data.cpu()),axis=1) == np.array(y_val[L_val:R_val].data.cpu()))/(R_val-L_val)
#---------------打印在进度条上--------------
tbar.set_postfix(train_loss=float(train_loss.data.cpu()),train_acc=train_acc,val_loss=float(val_loss.data.cpu()),val_acc=val_acc)
tbar.update() # 默认参数n=1，每update一次，进度+n
#-----------------反向传播更新---------------
optimizer.zero_grad() # 清空上一步的残余更新参数值
train_loss.backward() # 以训练集的误差进行反向传播, 计算参数更新值
optimizer.step() # 将参数更新值施加到 net 的 parameters 上
del model
运行的结果…
PS:很奇怪的是，加了attention，验证集的分数提高很明显，但是训练集一般，不过总的来说，加了attention对模型的整体表达还是有了一定提升。
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