leetcode184.部门工资最高的员工

题目：部门工资最高的员工

Employee 表包含所有员工信息，每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。

+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 1            |
| 2  | Jim   | 90000  | 1            |
| 3  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 4  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 5  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+

Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。

+----+----------+
| Id | Name     |
+----+----------+
| 1  | IT       |
| 2  | Sales    |
+----+----------+

编写一个 SQL 查询，找出每个部门工资最高的员工。对于上述表，您的 SQL 查询应返回以下行（行的顺序无关紧要）。

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| IT         | Jim      | 90000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
+------------+----------+--------+

解释：Max 和 Jim 在 IT 部门的工资都是最高的，Henry 在销售部的工资最高。

使用sql语句建表并插入数据

Create table If Not Exists Employee (Id int, Name varchar(255), Salary int, DepartmentId int);
Create table If Not Exists Department (Id int, Name varchar(255));

insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId) values ('1', 'Joe', '70000', '1');
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId) values ('2', 'Jim', '90000', '1');
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId) values ('3', 'Henry', '80000', '2');
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId) values ('4', 'Sam', '60000', '2');
insert into Employee (Id, Name, Salary, DepartmentId) values ('5', 'Max', '90000', '1');

insert into Department (Id, Name) values ('1', 'IT');
insert into Department (Id, Name) values ('2', 'Sales');

1.先找出每个部门有哪些员工

select
    d.name Department,e.name Employee,e.Salary
from
    Employee e
right join
    Department d
on 
    e.DepartmentId = d.Id;

//select d.name Department,e.name Employee,e.Salary from Employee e right join Department d on e.DepartmentId = d.Id;

解释：这里使用外连接，以部门表为主表，因为有可能部门中对应的员工数为null。就这道题来说，也可以使用内连接。两张表连接的条件是

员工表的部门编号等于部门表的编号。

查询结果

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Joe      |  70000 |
| IT         | Jim      |  90000 |
| IT         | Max      |  90000 |
| Sales      | Henry    |  80000 |
| Sales      | Sam      |  60000 |
+------------+----------+--------+

2.再找出每个部门的最高工资

select 
    max(Salary) sal,departmentid
from
    employee
group by
    departmentid;

解释：在员工表进行查找，以部门编号进行分组，使用分组函数max

查询结果：

+-------+--------------+
| sal   | departmentid |
+-------+--------------+
| 90000 |            1 |
| 80000 |            2 |
+-------+--------------+

3.两次查询结果结合起来，使用子查询，通过where进行条件判断

select
    d.name Department,e.name Employee,e.Salary
from
    Employee e
right join
    Department d
on 
    e.DepartmentId = d.Id
where (e.Salary,e.departmentid) in
(select 
    max(Salary) sal,departmentid
from
    employee
group by
    departmentid);

解释：这里使用in语句，需要联合两个字段一起查询，这也是这道题的难点

查询结果

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Jim      |  90000 |
| Sales      | Henry    |  80000 |
| IT         | Max      |  90000 |
+------------+----------+--------+