Ubuntu系统更换清华源

1.将系统自带的该文件做个备份： sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
2.修改配置：

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

将下面的内容粘贴到打开文件的最前面，全部粘贴过去，保存，并关闭。

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
 
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

3.更新源

sudo apt-get update 

总体如下：

zhenghan@zhenghan:/$ sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
[sudo] zhenghan 的密码： 
zhenghan@zhenghan:/$ sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
zhenghan@zhenghan:/$ sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

(gedit:30689): IBUS-WARNING **: 21:55:58.545: The owner of /home/zhenghan/.config/ibus/bus is not root!

(gedit:30689): IBUS-WARNING **: 21:55:58.661: Unable to connect to ibus: 试图读取一行时，异常地缺失内容

** (gedit:30689): WARNING **: 21:56:44.724: Set document metadata failed: 不支持设置属性 metadata::gedit-spell-language

** (gedit:30689): WARNING **: 21:56:44.724: Set document metadata failed: 不支持设置属性 metadata::gedit-encoding

** (gedit:30689): WARNING **: 21:56:48.669: Set document metadata failed: 不支持设置属性 metadata::gedit-spell-language

** (gedit:30689): WARNING **: 21:56:48.669: Set document metadata failed: 不支持设置属性 metadata::gedit-encoding

** (gedit:30689): WARNING **: 21:56:55.482: Set document metadata failed: 不支持设置属性 metadata::gedit-position
zhenghan@zhenghan:/$ sudo apt-get update 
命中:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
获取:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]     
命中:3 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease                  
获取:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB]   
获取:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]    
获取:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [306 kB]
获取:7 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main DEP-11 48x48 Icons [81.9 kB]
获取:8 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [157 kB]
获取:9 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [279 kB]
获取:10 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [213 kB]
获取:11 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [462 kB]
获取:12 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic InRelease [242 kB]  
获取:13 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2,468 B]
获取:14 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [7,968 B]
获取:15 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [43.7 kB]
获取:16 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main DEP-11 48x48 Icons [25.7 kB]
获取:17 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [58.0 kB]
获取:18 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [49.2 kB]
获取:19 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [18.6 kB]
获取:20 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [107 kB]
获取:21 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2,464 B]
获取:22 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]
获取:23 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB]
获取:24 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]
获取:25 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages [1,019 kB]
获取:26 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/main i386 Packages [1,007 kB]
获取:27 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/main Translation-zh_CN [67.7 kB]
获取:28 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/main Translation-en [516 kB]
获取:29 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [477 kB]
获取:30 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/main DEP-11 48x48 Icons [118 kB]
获取:31 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [245 kB]
获取:32 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/restricted i386 Packages [9,156 B]
获取:33 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/restricted amd64 Packages [9,184 B]
获取:34 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/restricted Translation-zh_CN [1,188 B]
获取:35 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/restricted Translation-en [3,584 B]
获取:36 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 Packages [8,570 kB]
获取:37 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/universe i386 Packages [8,531 kB]
获取:38 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/universe Translation-zh_CN [174 kB]
获取:39 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/universe Translation-en [4,941 kB]
获取:40 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [3,287 kB]
获取:41 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [2,151 kB]
获取:42 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [8,420 kB]
获取:43 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 Packages [151 kB]
获取:44 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/multiverse i386 Packages [144 kB]
获取:45 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/multiverse Translation-en [108 kB]
获取:46 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/multiverse Translation-zh_CN [4,768 B]
获取:47 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [49.7 kB]
获取:48 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/multiverse DEP-11 48x48 Icons [8,931 B]
获取:49 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic/multiverse DEP-11 64x64 Icons [225 kB]
获取:50 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/main i386 Packages [685 kB]
获取:51 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages [951 kB]
获取:52 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/main Translation-en [324 kB]
获取:53 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [306 kB]
获取:54 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/main DEP-11 48x48 Icons [81.9 kB]
获取:55 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [157 kB]
获取:56 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/restricted i386 Packages [9,808 B]
获取:57 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [55.3 kB]
获取:58 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/restricted Translation-en [13.8 kB]
获取:59 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 Packages [1,077 kB]
获取:60 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe i386 Packages [1,018 kB]
获取:61 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe Translation-en [335 kB]
获取:62 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [279 kB]
获取:63 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [213 kB]
获取:64 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [462 kB]
获取:65 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [15.7 kB]
获取:66 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [8,720 B]
获取:67 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse Translation-en [6,384 B]
获取:68 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2,468 B]
获取:69 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse DEP-11 48x48 Icons [29 B]
获取:70 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates/multiverse DEP-11 64x64 Icons [2,638 B]
获取:71 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-backports/main amd64 Packages [7,516 B]
获取:72 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-backports/main i386 Packages [7,508 B]
获取:73 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-backports/main Translation-en [4,764 B]
获取:74 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe i386 Packages [7,472 B]
获取:75 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe amd64 Packages [7,484 B]
获取:76 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe Translation-en [4,436 B]
获取:77 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [7,968 B]
获取:78 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [29 B]
获取:79 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [29 B]
获取:80 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/main i386 Packages [474 kB]
获取:81 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 Packages [727 kB]
获取:82 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/main Translation-en [230 kB]
获取:83 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [43.7 kB]
获取:84 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/main DEP-11 48x48 Icons [25.7 kB]
获取:85 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [58.0 kB]
获取:86 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/restricted amd64 Packages [45.7 kB]
获取:87 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/restricted i386 Packages [4,280 B]
获取:88 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/restricted Translation-en [11.4 kB]
获取:89 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 Packages [669 kB]
获取:90 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/universe i386 Packages [623 kB]
获取:91 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/universe Translation-en [222 kB]
获取:92 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [49.2 kB]
获取:93 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/universe DEP-11 48x48 Icons [18.6 kB]
获取:94 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [107 kB]
获取:95 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [7,596 B]
获取:96 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse i386 Packages [4,288 B]
获取:97 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse Translation-en [2,824 B]
获取:98 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2,464 B]
获取:99 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse DEP-11 48x48 Icons [29 B]
获取:100 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse DEP-11 64x64 Icons [2,638 B]
已下载 52.2 MB，耗时 42秒 (1,252 kB/s)                                         
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
zhenghan@zhenghan:/$