组合模式
组合模式(Composite Pattern),又叫部分整体模式,是用于把一组相似的对象当作一个单一的对象。组合模式依据树形结构来组合对象,用来表示部分以及整体层次。
何时使用:您希望用户忽略组合对象与单个对象的不同,所有节点拥有一致的结构,用户将统一地使用组合结构中的所有对象。
关键代码:树枝和叶子实现统一接口,树枝内部组合该接口,并且含有内部属性 List,里面放 Component。
优点: 1、高层模块调用简单。 2、节点自由增加。
缺点:在使用组合模式时,其叶子和树枝的
声明都是实现类,而不是接口,违反了依赖倒置原则。
代码实现
抽象节点类包含方法和List
package Composite;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Employee {
private String name;
private String dept;
private int salary;
private List<Employee> subordinates;
//构造函数
public Employee(String name,String dept, int sal) {
this.name = name;
this.dept = dept;
this.salary = sal;
subordinates = new ArrayList<Employee>();
}
public void add(Employee e) {
subordinates.add(e);
}
public void remove(Employee e) {
subordinates.remove(e);
}
public List<Employee> getSubordinates(){
return subordinates;
}
public String toString(){
return ("Employee :[ Name : "+ name
+", dept : "+ dept + ", salary :"
+ salary+" ]");
}
}
实现
package Composite;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Employee CEO = new Employee("John","CEO", 30000);
Employee headSales = new Employee("Robert","Head Sales", 20000);
Employee headMarketing = new Employee("Michel","Head Marketing", 20000);
Employee clerk1 = new Employee("Laura","Marketing", 10000);
Employee clerk2 = new Employee("Bob","Marketing", 10000);
Employee salesExecutive1 = new Employee("Richard","Sales", 10000);
Employee salesExecutive2 = new Employee("Rob","Sales", 10000);
CEO.add(headSales);
CEO.add(headMarketing);
headSales.add(salesExecutive1);
headSales.add(salesExecutive2);
headMarketing.add(clerk1);
headMarketing.add(clerk2);
//打印该组织的所有员工
tree(CEO);
}
static void tree(Employee employee){
System.out.println(employee.toString());
if (employee.getSubordinates()!=null){
for (Employee e:employee.getSubordinates())
{
tree(e);
}
}
}
}