第二部分 Python提高—GUI图形用户界面编程（三）

简单组件学习 Radiobutton 单选按钮、Checkbutton 复选按钮和canvas 画布

Radiobutton 单选按钮

Radiobutton 控件用于选择同一组单选按钮中的一个。Radiobutton 可以显示文本，也可以显示图像。

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
class Application(Frame):
	def __init__(self, master=None):
		super().__init__(master) # super()代表的是父类的定义，而不是父类对象
		self.master = master
		self.pack()
		self.createWidget()
	def createWidget(self):
		self.v = StringVar();
		self.v.set("F")
		self.r1 = Radiobutton(self, text="男性", value="M", variable=self.v)
		self.r2 = Radiobutton(self, text="女性", value="F", variable=self.v)
		self.r1.pack(side="left");self.r2.pack(side="left")
		Button(self, text="确定", command=self.confirm).pack(side="left")
	def confirm(self):
		messagebox.showinfo("测试","选择的性别:"+self.v.get())
if __name__ == '__main__':
	root = Tk()
	root.geometry("400x50+200+300")
	app = Application(master=root)
	root.mainloop()

Checkbutton 复选按钮

Checkbutton 控件用于选择多个按钮的情况。Checkbutton 可以显示文本，也可以显示图像。

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
class Application(Frame):
	def __init__(self, master=None):
		super().__init__(master) # super()代表的是父类的定义，而不是父类对象
		self.master = master
		self.pack()
		self.createWidget()
	def createWidget(self):
		self.codeHobby = IntVar();
		self.videoHobby = IntVar()
		print(self.codeHobby.get()) # 默认值是0
		self.c1 = Checkbutton(self, text="敲代码",
		variable=self.codeHobby, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
		self.c2 = Checkbutton(self, text="看视频",
		variable=self.videoHobby, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
		self.c1.pack(side="left");self.c2.pack(side="left")
		Button(self, text="确定", command=self.confirm).pack(side="left")
	def confirm(self):
		if self.videoHobby.get() == 1:
			messagebox.showinfo("测试","看视频，都是正常人有的爱好！你喜欢看什么类型？")
		if self.codeHobby.get() == 1:
			messagebox.showinfo("测试","抓获野生程序猿一只，赶紧送去学习")

if __name__ == '__main__':
	root = Tk()
	root.geometry("400x50+200+300")
	app = Application(master=root)
	root.mainloop()

canvas 画布

canvas（画布）是一个矩形区域，可以放置图形、图像、组件等。我们简单介绍canvas 的使用，后续“图形绘制”会更加深入讲解。

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
import random
class Application(Frame):
	def __init__(self, master=None):
		super().__init__(master) # super()代表的是父类的定义，而不是父类对象
		self.master = master
		self.pack()
		self.createWidget()
	def createWidget(self):
		self.canvas = Canvas(self, width=300, height=200, bg="green")
		self.canvas.pack()
		# 画一条直线
		line = self.canvas.create_line(10, 10, 30, 20, 40, 50)
		# 画一个矩形.
		rect = self.canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100)
		# 画一个椭圆.坐标两双。为椭圆的边界矩形左上角和底部右下角
		oval = self.canvas.create_oval(50, 50, 100, 100)
		global photo
		photo = PhotoImage(file=r"F:\python_l\pythonProject1\60011.gif")
		self.canvas.create_image(150,170,image=photo)
		Button(self, text="画10 个矩形",
		command=self.draw50Recg).pack(side="left")
	def draw50Recg(self):
		for i in range(0, 10):
			x1 = random.randrange(int(self.canvas["width"])/2)
			y1 = random.randrange(int(self.canvas["height"])/2)
			x2 = x1 + random.randrange(int(self.canvas["width"])/2)
			y2 = y1 + random.randrange(int(self.canvas["height"])/2)
			self.canvas.create_rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2)
if __name__ == '__main__':
	root = Tk()
	root.geometry("400x300+200+300")
	app = Application(master=root)
	root.mainloop()