关于Spring注解@Configuration

以下内容仅供参考

用途

1. 代替xml的配置方式，使用Java的方式进行配置，被@Configuration注解的类被称为配置类

• xml方式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
       
    <bean id="bean01" class="bean.Bean01"></bean>
    <bean id="bean02" class="bean.Bean02"></bean>
    
</beans>

• java方式

@Configuration
public class Configuration01 {

    @Bean
    public Bean01 bean01(){
        return new Bean01();
    }

    @Bean
    public Bean02 bean02(){
        return new Bean02();
    }

}

也就是说@Configuration类比于xml中的< beans >

使用方式

1. 结合@Bean注解在Spring容器中注册Bean

1. 两个测试实体类

package bean;

public class Bean01 {
    public Bean01(){
        System.out.println("Bean01构造器被调用");
    }
}

package bean;

public class Bean02 {
    public Bean02(){
        System.out.println("Bean02构造器被调用");
    }
}

2. 配置类(使用@Configuration进行注解)，需要注册的实体类用@Bean进行注解，方法名列如bean01，bean02为Spring容器中的名称。

package configuration;

import bean.Bean01;
import bean.Bean02;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class Configuration01 {

    @Bean
    public Bean01 bean01(){
        return new Bean01();
    }

    @Bean
    public Bean02 bean02(){
        return new Bean02();
    }

}

3. 测试

package test;

import configuration.Configuration01;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Configuration01.class);
    }
}

4. 测试结果,这表明这两个类的对象已经被实例化并由Spring进行管理了。

Bean01构造器被调用
Bean02构造器被调用

2. 结合@Component在Spring容器中注册Bean

1. 创建实体类Bean03,并使用@Component进行注解

package bean;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class Bean03 {
    public Bean03(){
        System.out.println("Bean03构造器被调用");
    }
}

2. 在配置类上增加一个包扫描注解@ComponentScan，值为包名 这里是bean

package configuration;


import bean.Bean01;
import bean.Bean02;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("bean")
public class Configuration01 {

    @Bean
    public Bean01 bean01(){
        return new Bean01();
    }

    @Bean
    public Bean02 bean02(){
        return new Bean02();
    }

}

3. 测试

package test;

import configuration.Configuration01;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Configuration01.class);
    }
}

4. 结果

Bean03构造器被调用
Bean01构造器被调用
Bean02构造器被调用

为什么是先03在01，02呢？我想大概是Spring扫描时扫描到注解@ComponentScan然后扫描到Bean03上的@Component注解就对bean03进行了注册

3.结合@Import在Spring容器中注册Bean

关于Spring注解@Import

对Web进行配置

web.xml的配置如下

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>

  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextClass</param-name>
    <param-value>
      org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
    </param-value>
  </context-param>

  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>
      configuration.Configuration01
    </param-value>
  </context-param>

  <listener>
    <listener-class>
      org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
    </listener-class>
  </listener>


  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>
      org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
    </servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextClass</param-name>
      <param-value>
        org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
      </param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
</web-app>

这样Spring就会读取configuration.Configuration01这个配置类实现了无xml，纯java配置的方式

随便说说看个乐

1. @Configuration = @Service = @Controller = @Component
   写成这样不过是为了方便阅读知道这是一个配置类，这是一个服务类，全部可用@Component进行代替，@Component目前理解是为了扫描，凡是被@Component注解了的类在被扫描后都会注册到Spring中。
2. @Import不是一个组件，单独使用没有效果的

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Import {

	/**
	 * {@link Configuration @Configuration}, {@link ImportSelector},
	 * {@link ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar}, or regular component classes to import.
	 */
	Class<?>[] value();

}

但是被Import的类缺会被Spring接管，被注册