JAVA继承、反射学习demo代码

1、主类 hello.java

package gensoku;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;

public class hello
{
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		//多态
		reimu x = new reimu();
		human y = new reimu();
		human z = new human();
		
		//x、y对比：不管父类还是子类引用，子类方法将覆盖父类方法
		//y、z对比：动态绑定，依赖隐式参数的实际类型
		x.say();
		y.say();
		z.say();
	
		//函数覆盖需要相同的参数
		x.sayOld();
		x.sayOld(5);

		//父类引用不能调用子类特有的函数
		y.sayOld();
		//报错：y.sayOld(4);

		try
		{
			//反射机制，需要处理异常
			//类型判断
			Class xc = x.getClass();
			Class yc = y.getClass(); // reimu.class
			Class zc = z.getClass();
			System.out.println(xc == yc);
			System.out.println(xc == zc);
			//类信息读取
			showClass(xc, x);
			//函数指针调用
			Method fpt1 = xc.getMethod("show2X", int.class);
			Method fpt2 = xc.getMethod("showXX", int.class);
			goFunc(4, fpt1);
			goFunc(4, fpt2);
		}
		catch(Exception e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	//函数指针示例函数
	static private void goFunc(int x, Method f)
	{	try
		{
			f.invoke(null, x);
		}
		catch(Exception e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	//利用反射的类展示函数
	static private void showClass(Class cl, Object obj)
	{
		try
		{
			Class superCl = cl.getSuperclass();
			//从父到子递归展示类信息
			if(superCl != null)
			{
				showClass(superCl, obj);
			}
			_showClass(cl, obj);
		}
		catch(Exception e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	//利用反射机制打印类信息
	static private void _showClass(Class cl, Object obj)
	{
		try
		{
			System.out.println(">> " + cl.getName());
			
			//读取构造器
			Constructor[] conList = cl.getDeclaredConstructors();
			for(Constructor con : conList)
			{
				System.out.println("   FUNC :" + Modifier.toString(con.getModifiers()) + " " + con.getName());
			}
			
			//读取函数
			Method[] medList = cl.getDeclaredMethods();
			for(Method med : medList)
			{
				System.out.println("   FUNC :" + Modifier.toString(med.getModifiers()) + " " + 
									med.getReturnType().getName() + " " + med.getName());
			}

			//读取变量（无法读取继承得到的变量）
			Field[] fieList = cl.getDeclaredFields();
			for(Field fie : fieList)
			{
				System.out.print("    VAL :" + Modifier.toString(fie.getModifiers()) + " " + 
									fie.getType().getName() + " " + fie.getName() + " : ");
				fie.setAccessible(true);
				System.out.println(fie.get(obj));
			}
		}
		catch(Exception e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

2、父类 human.java

package gensoku;

public class human 
{
    private String name = "";
    protected String myid = "666";

    public human()
    {
        this.name = "nobody";
    }

    public human(String aName)
    {
        this.name = aName;
    }

    public String retName()
    {
        return this.name;
    }

    public void say()
    {
        System.out.println("father 1");
    }

    public void sayOld()
    {
        System.out.println("father 2");
    }
}

3、子类 reimu.java

package gensoku;

public class reimu extends human
{
	public reimu()
	{
		//调用父类构造器
		super("Reimu");
		//不能直接读写父类private域，要用super调用访问器
		System.out.println(super.retName() + " : Hello?");
		//可以直接读写父类protected域
		System.out.println("Key : " + myid);
	}

	//覆盖父类函数
	public void say()
	{
		System.out.println("son 1");
	}

	public void sayOld(int x)
	{
		System.out.println("son 2");
	}

	static public void show2X(int x)
	{
		System.out.println("2*x = " + 2 * x);
	} 

	static public void showXX(int x)
	{
		System.out.println("x*x = " + x * x);
	} 
}

4、输出结果

Reimu : Hello?
Key : 666
Reimu : Hello?
Key : 666
son 1
son 1
father 1
father 2
son 2
father 2
true
false
>> java.lang.Object
   FUNC :public java.lang.Object
   FUNC :protected void finalize
   FUNC :public final void wait
   FUNC :public final void wait
   FUNC :public final native void wait
   FUNC :public boolean equals
   FUNC :public java.lang.String toString
   FUNC :public native int hashCode
   FUNC :public final native java.lang.Class getClass
   FUNC :protected native java.lang.Object clone
   FUNC :public final native void notify
   FUNC :public final native void notifyAll
   FUNC :private static native void registerNatives
>> gensoku.human
   FUNC :public gensoku.human
   FUNC :public gensoku.human
   FUNC :public void say
   FUNC :public void sayOld
   FUNC :public java.lang.String retName
    VAL :private java.lang.String name : Reimu
    VAL :protected java.lang.String myid : 666
>> gensoku.reimu
   FUNC :public gensoku.reimu
   FUNC :public void say
   FUNC :public void sayOld
   FUNC :public static void show2X
   FUNC :public static void showXX
2*x = 8
x*x = 16