python 矩阵和三角函数

1、矩阵

>>> import numpy as np

>>> a = np.mat([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])  # 3行3列
>>> a
matrix([[1, 2, 3],
        [4, 5, 6],
        [7, 8, 9]])
>>> a[0,1]   # 取第一行第二个数据
2
>>> a[0,:]    # 取第一行的数据
matrix([[1, 2, 3]])

>>> b = np.mat([[8,5,3],[2,9,6],[7,1,4]])
>>> b
matrix([[8, 5, 3],
        [2, 9, 6],
        [7, 1, 4]])
>>> b.shape   # 获得矩阵的行列数
(3, 3)
>>> b.shape[0]   # 获得矩阵的行数
3
>>> b.shape[1]   # 获得矩阵的列数
3
>>> b.sort()     # 对每行排序
>>> b
matrix([[3, 5, 8],
        [2, 6, 9],
        [1, 4, 7]])

# 矩阵相乘（线性代数）
>>> a = np.mat([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
>>> b = np.mat([[8,5,3],[2,9,6],[7,1,4]])
>>> a*b
matrix([[ 33,  26,  27],
        [ 84,  71,  66],
        [135, 116, 105]])
>>> np.matmul(a,b)
matrix([[ 33,  26,  27],
        [ 84,  71,  66],
        [135, 116, 105]])
>>> np.dot(a,b)
matrix([[ 33,  26,  27],
        [ 84,  71,  66],
        [135, 116, 105]])
       
#矩阵点乘（对应位置相乘）
>>> a = np.mat([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
>>> b = np.mat([[8,5,3],[2,9,6],[7,1,4]])
>>> np.multiply(a, b)
matrix([[ 8, 10,  9],
        [ 8, 45, 36],
        [49,  8, 36]])

# 矩阵转置
>>> a = np.mat([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
>>> a.T
matrix([[1, 4, 7],
        [2, 5, 8],
        [3, 6, 9]])
>>> np.transpose(a)
matrix([[1, 4, 7],
        [2, 5, 8],
        [3, 6, 9]])

# 矩阵求逆
>>> a = np.mat([[0.5,1],[1,0.5]])
>>> a.I
matrix([[-0.66666667,  1.33333333],
        [ 1.33333333, -0.66666667]])
#！！！若a为奇异矩阵，则不可逆，a.I将会报错

2、三角函数

>>> import numpy as np
#cos, cosh, sin sinh, tan, tanh，arccos, arccosh, arcsin, arcsinh, arctan, arctanh
>>> a = np.sin(90*np.pi/180)  # sin函数计算时，括号中为弧度
>>> a
1.0
>>> np.degrees(np.pi/2)  # 弧度转度
90.0
>>> np.radians(180)    # 度转弧度
3.141592653589793

>>> import math
#sin，cos，tan，asin，acos，atan，atan2，sinh，cosh，tanh，asinh，acosh，atanh
>>> math.sin(math.pi/2)      
1.0
>>> math.cos(0)
1.0
>>> math.tan(math.pi/6)
0.5773502691896257

>>> math.degrees(math.pi/2)    # 弧度转度
90.0
>>> math.radians(180)          # 度转弧度
3.141592653589793