案例1
普通方式写计算器类
#include <iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class calculator {
public:
calculator(int n1,int n2);
int getResult(string str) {
if (str == "+") {
return num1 + num2;
}
else if (str == "-") {
return num1 - num2;
}
else if (str == "*") {
return num1 * num2;
}
}
public:
int num1;
int num2;
};
calculator::calculator(int n1, int n2) {
num1 = n1;
num2 = n2;
}
void test01() {
calculator cl(10,10);
cl.getResult("+");
cout << cl.num1 << "+" << cl.num2 << "=" << cl.getResult("+") << endl;
cout << cl.num1 << "-" << cl.num2 << "=" << cl.getResult("-") << endl;
cout << cl.num1 << "*" << cl.num2 << "=" << cl.getResult("*") << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
}
多态方式写计算器类
#include <iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class calculatorBase
{
public:
virtual int getResult() {
return 0;
}
public:
int num1;
int num2;
};
class addCalculator:public calculatorBase
{
public:
int getResult() {
return num1 + num2;
}
};
class SubCalculator :public calculatorBase
{
public:
int getResult() {
return num1 -num2;
}
};
class MulCalculator :public calculatorBase
{
public:
int getResult() {
return num1 *num2;
}
};
void test02() {
calculatorBase* p = new addCalculator;
p->num1 = 10; p->num2 = 10;
cout << p->num1 << "+" << p->num2 << "=" << p->getResult() << endl;
delete p;
p = new SubCalculator;
p->num1 = 100; p->num2 = 100;
cout << p->num1 << "-" << p->num2 << "=" << p->getResult() << endl;
delete p;
p = new MulCalculator;
p->num1 = 20; p->num2 = 20;
cout << p->num1 << "*" << p->num2 << "=" << p->getResult() << endl;
}
int main()
{
test02();
}
案例2
制作饮品
总结
- 多态的使用条件为 父类使用指针或者引用的方式指向子类对象
- 动态多态:首先需要有继承,其中 父类中有虚函数,最后子类重写父类的虚函数。
- 多态的底层实现就是,使用虚函数后,在父类中储存的是vfptr指针,其指向了vftable(虚函数表),虚函数表存的是虚函数的地址,子类在继承的会将vfptr指针复制过来,当子类重写父类虚函数的时候,会将虚函数表中的地址覆盖,储存子类虚函数地址。