SpringMVC

SpringMVC

MVC:模型(dao,service),视图(jsp),控制器(Servlet)

1.回顾Servlet

1.idea中项目右键Add Framework Support,添加web支持

2.导入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
    <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.2</version>
</dependency>

3.编写Servlet类,用来处理用户的请求

package com.luffy.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.获取前端参数
        String method=req.getParameter("method");
        if(method.equals("add")){
            req.getSession().setAttribute("msg","add method");
        }
        if(method.equals("delete")){
            req.getSession().setAttribute("msg","delete method");
        }
        //2.业务逻辑

        //3.视图跳转
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

4.编写test.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    ${msg}
</body>
</html>

5.在web.xml中注册url

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>servlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.luffy.servlet.Servlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>servlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/servlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

2.深入SpringMVC

1.web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--配置DispatchServlet:这个是SpringMVC的核心;请求分发器,前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>servletmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--DispatchServlet要绑定Spring配置文件-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <!--在springMVC中
        /:不会匹配所有请求,不会去匹配jsp
        /*:匹配所有请求,包括jsp页面-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>servletmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

2.spring-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--处理器映射器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
    <!--处理器适配器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
    <!--视图解析器:模板引擎-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--handler-->
    <bean id="/test" class="com.luffy.controller.MyController"/>
</beans>

3.MyController.java

package com.luffy.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class MyController implements Controller{
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC");
        mv.setViewName("test");  
        return mv;
    }
}

3.使用注解开发SpringMVC

1.新建maven项目,添加web支持

2.在项目结构中添加lib目录,添加依赖,防止找不到资源

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-mzS4s1NK-1645255788019)(E:\note\SpringMVC.assets\image-20210306230205433.png)]

3.配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--配置DispatchServlet:这个是SpringMVC的核心;请求分发器,前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>servletmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--DispatchServlet要绑定Spring配置文件-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <!--在springMVC中
        /:不会匹配所有请求,不会去匹配jsp
        /*:匹配所有请求,包括jsp页面-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>servletmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

4.配置springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd">

    <!--自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.luffy.controller"/>
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--视图解析器:模板引擎-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

5.hello.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>

6.HelloController.java

package com.luffy.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(Model model){
        //封装数据
        model.addAttribute("msg","Hello SpringMVC");
        return "hello";//会被视图解析器处理
    }
}

7.启动tomcat测试

4.RestFul风格

传统方式操作资源:通过不同的参数来实现不同的效果,方法单一,post和get

  • http://127.0.0.1/item/queryItem.action?id=1 查询,GET
  • http://127.0.0.1/item/saveItem.action 新增,POST
  • http://127.0.0.1/item/updateItem.action 更新,POST
  • http://127.0.0.1/item/deleteItem.action?id=1 删除,GET或POST

RestFul风格:可以通过不同的请求方式来实现不同的效果,如请求地址一样,但是功能可以不同

  • http://127.0.0.1/item/1 查询,GET
  • http://127.0.0.1/item 新增,POST
  • http://127.0.0.1/item 更新,PUT
  • http://127.0.0.1/item/1 删除,DELETE

测试RestFulController.java

package com.luffy.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class RestFulController {

     @RequestMapping(value="/add/{a}/{b}",method = RequestMethod.GET)//可以接收参数,method限定请求方式 
    public String test1(@PathVariable int a,@PathVariable int b, Model model) {

        model.addAttribute("msg", a + "+" + b + "=" + (a + b));
        return "test";
    }
}

通过method设置的不同,同一url可以处理不同的请求

相比传统的方式更加简洁和安全,可以隐藏参数

5.解决乱码问题

使用springMVC的乱码过滤

1.web.xml中添加配置

<!--配置SpringMVC的乱码过滤-->
<filter>
    <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>encoding</param-name>
        <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

6.JSON讲解

JSON:JavaScript Object Notation

Jackson使用

1.maven导入jackson依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    <version>2.12.1</version>
</dependency>

2.springmvc-servlet.xml中添加乱码配置

    <!--json乱码问题配置-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven>
        <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
            </bean>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="objectMapper">
                    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                        <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>

3.TestController类测试

package com.luffy.controller;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.luffy.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class TestController {
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    @ResponseBody
    public String test() throws JsonProcessingException {
        ObjectMapper mapper=new ObjectMapper();
        User user=new User("楼陆飞","1","男");
        String re=mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
        return re;
    }
}

500错误记得重新添加一下web-inf/lib的依赖

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