SpringMVC
MVC:模型(dao,service),视图(jsp),控制器(Servlet)
1.回顾Servlet
1.idea中项目右键Add Framework Support,添加web支持
2.导入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
3.编写Servlet类,用来处理用户的请求
package com.luffy.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Servlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取前端参数
String method=req.getParameter("method");
if(method.equals("add")){
req.getSession().setAttribute("msg","add method");
}
if(method.equals("delete")){
req.getSession().setAttribute("msg","delete method");
}
//2.业务逻辑
//3.视图跳转
req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
4.编写test.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>
5.在web.xml中注册url
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>servlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.luffy.servlet.Servlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>servlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
2.深入SpringMVC
1.web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--配置DispatchServlet:这个是SpringMVC的核心;请求分发器,前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>servletmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--DispatchServlet要绑定Spring配置文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--在springMVC中
/:不会匹配所有请求,不会去匹配jsp
/*:匹配所有请求,包括jsp页面-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>servletmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
2.spring-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--处理器映射器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<!--处理器适配器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
<!--视图解析器:模板引擎-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--handler-->
<bean id="/test" class="com.luffy.controller.MyController"/>
</beans>
3.MyController.java
package com.luffy.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class MyController implements Controller{
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC");
mv.setViewName("test");
return mv;
}
}
3.使用注解开发SpringMVC
1.新建maven项目,添加web支持
2.在项目结构中添加lib目录,添加依赖,防止找不到资源
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-mzS4s1NK-1645255788019)(E:\note\SpringMVC.assets\image-20210306230205433.png)]
3.配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--配置DispatchServlet:这个是SpringMVC的核心;请求分发器,前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>servletmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--DispatchServlet要绑定Spring配置文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--在springMVC中
/:不会匹配所有请求,不会去匹配jsp
/*:匹配所有请求,包括jsp页面-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>servletmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
4.配置springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd">
<!--自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.luffy.controller"/>
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--视图解析器:模板引擎-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
5.hello.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>
6.HelloController.java
package com.luffy.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(Model model){
//封装数据
model.addAttribute("msg","Hello SpringMVC");
return "hello";//会被视图解析器处理
}
}
7.启动tomcat测试
4.RestFul风格
传统方式操作资源:通过不同的参数来实现不同的效果,方法单一,post和get
- http://127.0.0.1/item/queryItem.action?id=1 查询,GET
- http://127.0.0.1/item/saveItem.action 新增,POST
- http://127.0.0.1/item/updateItem.action 更新,POST
- http://127.0.0.1/item/deleteItem.action?id=1 删除,GET或POST
RestFul风格:可以通过不同的请求方式来实现不同的效果,如请求地址一样,但是功能可以不同
- http://127.0.0.1/item/1 查询,GET
- http://127.0.0.1/item 新增,POST
- http://127.0.0.1/item 更新,PUT
- http://127.0.0.1/item/1 删除,DELETE
测试RestFulController.java
package com.luffy.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class RestFulController {
@RequestMapping(value="/add/{a}/{b}",method = RequestMethod.GET)//可以接收参数,method限定请求方式
public String test1(@PathVariable int a,@PathVariable int b, Model model) {
model.addAttribute("msg", a + "+" + b + "=" + (a + b));
return "test";
}
}
通过method设置的不同,同一url可以处理不同的请求
相比传统的方式更加简洁和安全,可以隐藏参数
5.解决乱码问题
使用springMVC的乱码过滤
1.web.xml中添加配置
<!--配置SpringMVC的乱码过滤-->
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
6.JSON讲解
JSON:JavaScript Object Notation
Jackson使用
1.maven导入jackson依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.12.1</version>
</dependency>
2.springmvc-servlet.xml中添加乱码配置
<!--json乱码问题配置-->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="objectMapper">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
<property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
3.TestController类测试
package com.luffy.controller;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.luffy.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
public class TestController {
@RequestMapping("/test")
@ResponseBody
public String test() throws JsonProcessingException {
ObjectMapper mapper=new ObjectMapper();
User user=new User("楼陆飞","1","男");
String re=mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
return re;
}
}
500错误记得重新添加一下web-inf/lib的依赖