学习目标:
SpringMVC使用注解开发
学习内容:
SpringMVC使用注解开发(Controller)
学习时间:
学习产出:
注解开发
- 由于maven可能会将一些资源过滤,需要完善项目中pom.xml的配置
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
- 1、配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--1、注册DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:servlet-name:servlet.xml-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--启动级别1:跟服务器一起启动-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--/匹配所有请求:(不包括.jsp),只针对我们编写的请求;即:.jsp不会进入spring的 DispatcherServlet类 。-->
<!--/*匹配所有请求:(包括.jsp),会出现返回jsp视图时再次进入spring的DispatcherServlet类(多层嵌套,出现一个jsp套一个jsp),导致找不到对应的controller所以报404错-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
使用springMVC必须配置的三大件:
处理器映射器、处理器适配器、视图解析器
- 2、配置springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--设置自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc.controller"/>
<!--让SpringMVC不处理一些静态资源,过滤掉静态资源如.css .js等-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--支持MVC注解驱动
在spring中一般使用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
要想使@RequestMapping注解生效
必须向上下文中注册加入DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例
这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理
而annotation-driver配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
- 3、创建Controller
package com.springmvc.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller //让Spring IOC容器初始化时自动扫描到
public class HelloController {
//映射请求路径, 真实访问地址:项目名/HelloController/hello
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String Hello(Model model){
//向模型中添加属性msg与值,可以在JSP页面中取出并渲染
model.addAttribute("msg","Hello,SpringMVC");
return "hello";//被视图解析器解析,WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
}
}
- 4、创建视图hello.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>HELLO</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>