【Qt】解析XML

卡钦斯基

已于 2023-08-22 15:30:08 修改

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分类专栏： Qt 文章标签： qt

于 2023-08-22 15:27:30 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44441135/article/details/132413750

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XML是一种常见且常用的文档格式。当然，Qt自然也囊括了解析XML相关的模块和类。为了方便以后自己或其他人遇到相关问题时查阅，下面将Qt中解析XML的常见方式罗列出来。

如果不使用第三方的解析库的话，需要在qt的项目文件中加入Qt += xml

Qt中解析XML的方法

1	使用Qt的内置XML模块	QDomDocument，这个模块提供了一种解析和操作XML文档的方式，可用于读取和操作XML文档。可以使用QDomDocument类来解析XML文档，并使用其他相关类来遍历和操作XML树结构，例如QDomNode、QDomElement和QDomText等。
2	QXmlStreamReader QXmlStreamWriter	StreamReader，这个模块提供了一种使用流式方式来解析XML文档的方式。可以使用QXmlStreamReader类来读取XML文档，并根据读取到的事件来处理XML文档中的内容。
3	使用第三方库	如TinyXML、PugiXML等。

如果XML文档很大，DOM树最终可能会保留大量内存，对于这样的文档QXmlStreamReader可能是更好的解决方案。本文并不讨论使用第三方库的情况。

以下是一个简单的XML文档示例：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<bookstore>
  <book category="fiction">
    <title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
    <author>J.K. Rowling</author>
    <year>2005</year>
    <price>29.99</price>
  </book>
  <book category="non-fiction">
    <title lang="en">The Great Gatsby</title>
    <author>F. Scott Fitzgerald</author>
    <year>1925</year>
    <price>19.99</price>
  </book>
</bookstore>

接下来就使用Qt中的两种方式来分别读取和生成这个简单的XML文档。

方式1（使用Qt的内置XML模块）

解析XML文档

void xmltest::readXML_dom(){
    QFile xmlFile("xml路径.xml");

    if(!xmlFile.exists()){
        qDebug()<<"文档不存在:"<<xmlFile.fileName();
                                     return;
    }

    if(!xmlFile.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)){
        qDebug()<<"文档打开失败:"<<xmlFile.fileName();
            return;
    }

    QString errorStr;
    int errorLine,errorColumn;
    QDomDocument dom;
    bool canSet=dom.setContent(&xmlFile,&errorStr,&errorLine,&errorColumn);
    if(!canSet){
        xmlFile.close();
        qDebug()<<"errorStr:"<<errorStr<<"errorLine:"<<errorLine<<"errorColumn:"<<errorColumn;
        return;
    }
    xmlFile.close();

    QDomElement bookStoreEle=dom.documentElement();
    QString bookStore=bookStoreEle.tagName();
    qDebug()<<bookStore;
    QDomNode bookNode=bookStoreEle.firstChild();
    while(!bookNode.isNull()){
        QDomElement bookEle=bookNode.toElement();
        if(!bookEle.isNull()){
            QString tagName=bookEle.tagName();
            QDomAttr attr=bookEle.attributeNode("category");
            QString attrStr=attr.value();
            qDebug()<<"tagName:"+tagName<<"category:"+attrStr;

            QDomNode bookInfoNode=bookEle.firstChild();
            while(!bookInfoNode.isNull()){
                QString bookNodeName=bookInfoNode.nodeName();
                QString bookNodeContent=bookInfoNode.toElement().text();
                if(bookInfoNode.hasAttributes()){
                    qDebug()<<bookInfoNode.attributes().namedItem("lang").nodeValue();
                }
                qDebug()<<bookNodeName<<bookNodeContent;

                bookInfoNode=bookInfoNode.nextSibling();
            }
        }
        bookNode=bookNode.nextSibling();
    }
}

执行结果：

"bookstore"
"tagName:book" "category:fiction"
"en"
"title" "Harry Potter"
"author" "J.K. Rowling"
"year" "2005"
"price" "29.99"
"tagName:book" "category:non-fiction"
"en"
"title" "The Great Gatsby"    
"author" "F. Scott Fitzgerald"
"year" "1925"
"price" "19.99"

生成XML文档

void xmltest::writeXML_dom(){
    QDomDocument doc;

    QDomProcessingInstruction xmlDeclaration = doc.createProcessingInstruction("xml", "version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"");
    doc.appendChild(xmlDeclaration);

    QDomElement bookStoreEle=doc.createElement("bookstore");


    QDomElement bookEle1=doc.createElement("book");
    bookEle1.setAttribute("category","fiction");

    QDomElement titleEle1=doc.createElement("title");
    titleEle1.setAttribute("lang","en");
    QDomText titleText1=doc.createTextNode("Harry Potter");
    titleEle1.appendChild(titleText1);
    QDomElement authorEle1=doc.createElement("author");
    QDomText authorText1=doc.createTextNode("J.K. Rowling");
    authorEle1.appendChild(authorText1);
    QDomElement yearEle1=doc.createElement("year");
    QDomText yearText1=doc.createTextNode("2005");
    yearEle1.appendChild(yearText1);
    QDomElement priceEle1=doc.createElement("price");
    QDomText priceText1=doc.createTextNode("29.99");
    priceEle1.appendChild(priceText1);

    bookEle1.appendChild(titleEle1);
    bookEle1.appendChild(authorEle1);
    bookEle1.appendChild(yearEle1);
    bookEle1.appendChild(priceEle1);

    //QDomElement bookEle2; //这种方式是不行的。
    //bookEle2.setTagName("book");
    //bookStoreEle.appendChild(bookEle2);

    QDomElement bookEle2=doc.createElement("book");
    bookEle2.setAttribute("category","non-fiction");

    QDomElement titleEle2=doc.createElement("title");
    titleEle2.setAttribute("lang","en");
    QDomText titleText2=doc.createTextNode("The Great Gatsby");
    titleEle2.appendChild(titleText2);
    QDomElement authorEle2=doc.createElement("author");
    QDomText authorText2=doc.createTextNode("F. Scott Fitzgerald");
    authorEle2.appendChild(authorText2);
    QDomElement yearEle2=doc.createElement("year");
    QDomText yearText2=doc.createTextNode("1925");
    yearEle2.appendChild(yearText2);
    QDomElement priceEle2=doc.createElement("price");
    QDomText priceText2=doc.createTextNode("19.99");
    priceEle2.appendChild(priceText2);

    bookEle2.appendChild(titleEle2);
    bookEle2.appendChild(authorEle2);
    bookEle2.appendChild(yearEle2);
    bookEle2.appendChild(priceEle2);

    bookStoreEle.appendChild(bookEle1);
    bookStoreEle.appendChild(bookEle2);

    doc.appendChild(bookStoreEle);

    QFile xmlFile("xml路径.xml");
    if(!xmlFile.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Text)){
        qDebug() << "打开文件失败.";
        return;
    }
    QTextStream stream(&xmlFile);
    doc.save(stream, 4); // 4 表示缩进的空格数量
    xmlFile.close();
}

这只是简单的示例，QDomDocument、QDomNode、QDomElement提供了丰富的接口可供使用。

方式2（QXmlStreamReader和QXmlStreamWriter）

解析XML文档

void xmltest::readXML_stream(){
    QFile xmlFile("xml路径.xml");

    if(!xmlFile.exists()){
        qDebug()<<"文档不存在:"<<xmlFile.fileName();
                                     return;
    }

    if(!xmlFile.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)){
        qDebug()<<"文档打开失败:"<<xmlFile.fileName();
            return;
    }

    QXmlStreamReader xmlReader(&xmlFile);
    while(!xmlReader.atEnd()&&!xmlReader.hasError()){
        QXmlStreamReader::TokenType token=xmlReader.readNext();
        if(token==QXmlStreamReader::StartDocument){
            qDebug() << "Start Document";
        }else if(token==QXmlStreamReader::StartElement){
            qDebug() << "Start Element: " << xmlReader.name().toString();
            // 处理不同的元素
            if (xmlReader.name().toString() == "book") {
                qDebug() << "Category: " << xmlReader.attributes().value("category").toString();
            } else if (xmlReader.name().toString() == "title") {
                qDebug() << "Title: " << xmlReader.readElementText();
            } else if (xmlReader.name().toString() == "author") {
                qDebug() << "Author: " << xmlReader.readElementText();
            } else if (xmlReader.name().toString() == "year") {
                qDebug() << "Year: " << xmlReader.readElementText().toInt();
            } else if (xmlReader.name().toString() == "price") {
                qDebug() << "Price: " << xmlReader.readElementText().toDouble();
            }
        } else if (token == QXmlStreamReader::EndElement) {
            qDebug() << "End Element: " << xmlReader.name().toString();
        }
    }
    if (xmlReader.hasError()) {
        qDebug() << "XML Parsing Error: " << xmlReader.errorString();
    }

    xmlFile.close();
}

运行结果：

Start Document
Start Element:  "bookstore"
Start Element:  "book"     
Category:  "fiction"       
Start Element:  "title"    
Title:  "Harry Potter"     
Start Element:  "author"   
Author:  "J.K. Rowling"    
Start Element:  "year"        
Year:  2005
Start Element:  "price"       
Price:  29.99
End Element:  "book"
Start Element:  "book"        
Category:  "non-fiction"      
Start Element:  "title"       
Title:  "The Great Gatsby"    
Start Element:  "author"      
Author:  "F. Scott Fitzgerald"
Start Element:  "year"        
Year:  1925
Start Element:  "price"  
Price:  19.99
End Element:  "book"     
End Element:  "bookstore"

生成XML文档

void xmltest::writeXML_stream(){
    QFile file("xml路径.xml");
    if (!file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Text)) {
        qDebug() << "Failed to open file for writing.";
        return;
    }

    QXmlStreamWriter xmlWriter(&file);
    xmlWriter.setAutoFormatting(true);

    xmlWriter.writeStartDocument();
    xmlWriter.writeStartElement("bookstore");

    // 写入第一本书的信息
    xmlWriter.writeStartElement("book");
    xmlWriter.writeAttribute("category", "fiction");

    xmlWriter.writeStartElement("title");
    xmlWriter.writeAttribute("lang", "en");
    xmlWriter.writeCharacters("Harry Potter");
    xmlWriter.writeEndElement(); // title

    xmlWriter.writeStartElement("author");
    xmlWriter.writeCharacters("J.K. Rowling");
    xmlWriter.writeEndElement(); // author

    xmlWriter.writeStartElement("year");
    xmlWriter.writeCharacters("2005");
    xmlWriter.writeEndElement(); // year

    xmlWriter.writeStartElement("price");
    xmlWriter.writeCharacters("29.99");
    xmlWriter.writeEndElement(); // price

    xmlWriter.writeEndElement(); // book

    // 写入第二本书的信息，类似于第一本书
    xmlWriter.writeStartElement("book");
    xmlWriter.writeAttribute("category", "non-fiction");

    xmlWriter.writeStartElement("title");
    xmlWriter.writeAttribute("lang", "en");
    xmlWriter.writeCharacters("The Great Gatsby");
    xmlWriter.writeEndElement(); // title

    xmlWriter.writeStartElement("author");
    xmlWriter.writeCharacters("F. Scott Fitzgerald");
    xmlWriter.writeEndElement(); // author

    xmlWriter.writeStartElement("year");
    xmlWriter.writeCharacters("1925");
    xmlWriter.writeEndElement(); // year

    xmlWriter.writeStartElement("price");
    xmlWriter.writeCharacters("19.99");
    xmlWriter.writeEndElement(); // price

    xmlWriter.writeEndElement(); // book

    xmlWriter.writeEndElement(); // bookstore
    xmlWriter.writeEndDocument();

    file.close();
}

QXmlStreamReader和QXmlStreamWriter也可以与QDomDocument这些内容相结合。