从零开始学习opengl-11.光照贴图

首先复习一下创建纹理的内容：
1.生成纹理并绑定当前纹理
2.将纹理图贴在物体表面，设置使用线性过滤
3.为当前绑定纹理对象附加图像
4.生成多级渐进纹理
5.释放内存和解绑对象

	GLuint diffuseMap;
	glGenTextures(1, &diffuseMap);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, diffuseMap);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
	int width, height;
	unsigned char* image;
	// Diffuse map
	image = SOIL_load_image("img/wall.jpg", &width, &height, 0, SOIL_LOAD_RGB);
	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);
	glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	SOIL_free_image_data(image);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);

在绘制箱子之前，我们希望首选纹理单元被赋为material.diffuse这个uniform采样器，并绑定箱子的纹理到这个纹理单元：

ourShader.Use();
glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "material.diffuse"), 0);
...
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, diffuseMap);

然后就用这个纹理来替换环境光和漫反射光的颜色即可
default.frag

#version 330 core
out vec4 color;
  
in vec3 Normal;  
in vec3 FragPos;  
in vec2 TexCoords; 

uniform vec3 lightPos; 
uniform vec3 lightColor;
uniform vec3 objectColor;
uniform vec3 viewPos;

struct Material
{
    sampler2D diffuse;
    vec3 specular;
    float shininess;
};

uniform Material material;
struct Light
{
    vec3 position;
    vec3 ambient;
    vec3 diffuse;
    vec3 specular;
};
uniform Light light;
void main()
{
    // 环境光
    vec3 ambient =  light.ambient * vec3(texture(material.diffuse,TexCoords));

    // 漫反射光
    vec3 norm = normalize(Normal);
    vec3 lightDir = normalize(lightPos - FragPos);
    float diff = max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0);
    vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * diff * vec3(texture(material.diffuse,TexCoords));

    // 镜面高光
    vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos);
    vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, norm);  
    float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
    vec3 specular = light.specular * (spec * material.specular);  

    vec3 result = ambient + diffuse + specular;
    color = vec4(result, 1.0f);

	
} 

现象：
当然镜面光照也是一样的，也可以加贴图，从真实角度来说，specular（漫反射）的颜色基本是由光源自身决定的，所以它不会生成真实的图像（这就是为什么图片通常是黑色和白色的：我们只关心亮度）。