23种设计模式-享元模式

介绍：
运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象，主要用于减少创建对象的数量，以减少内存占用和提高性能。这种类型的设计模式属于结构型模式，它提供了减少对象数量从而改善应用所需的对象结构的方式。

 public abstract class Flyweight {
 2 
 3     //内部状态
 4     public String intrinsic;
 5     //外部状态
 6     protected final String extrinsic;
 7     
 8     //要求享元角色必须接受外部状态
 9     public Flyweight(String extrinsic) {
10         this.extrinsic = extrinsic;
11     }
12     
13     //定义业务操作
14     public abstract void operate(int extrinsic);
15 
16     public String getIntrinsic() {
17         return intrinsic;
18     }
19 
20     public void setIntrinsic(String intrinsic) {
21         this.intrinsic = intrinsic;
22     }
23 
24 }

1 public class ConcreteFlyweight extends Flyweight {
 2 
 3     //接受外部状态
 4     public ConcreteFlyweight(String extrinsic) {
 5         super(extrinsic);
 6     }
 7 
 8     //根据外部状态进行逻辑处理
 9     @Override
10     public void operate(int extrinsic) {
11         System.out.println("具体Flyweight:" + extrinsic);
12     }
13 
14 }

 1 public class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight extends Flyweight {
 2 
 3     public UnsharedConcreteFlyweight(String extrinsic) {
 4         super(extrinsic);
 5     }
 6 
 7     @Override
 8     public void operate(int extrinsic) {
 9         System.out.println("不共享的具体Flyweight:" + extrinsic);
10     }
11 
12 }

 1 public class FlyweightFactory {
 2 
 3     //定义一个池容器
 4     private static HashMap<String, Flyweight> pool = new HashMap<>();
 5     
 6     //享元工厂
 7     public static Flyweight getFlyweight(String extrinsic) {
 8         Flyweight flyweight = null;
 9         
10         if(pool.containsKey(extrinsic)) {    //池中有该对象
11             flyweight = pool.get(extrinsic);
12             System.out.print("已有 " + extrinsic + " 直接从池中取---->");
13         } else {
14             //根据外部状态创建享元对象
15             flyweight = new ConcreteFlyweight(extrinsic);
16             //放入池中
17             pool.put(extrinsic, flyweight);
18             System.out.print("创建 " + extrinsic + " 并从池中取出---->");
19         }
20         
21         return flyweight;
22     }
23 }

1 public class Client {
 2 
 3     public static void main(String[] args) {
 4         int extrinsic = 22;
 5         
 6         Flyweight flyweightX = FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight("X");
 7         flyweightX.operate(++ extrinsic);
 8         
 9         Flyweight flyweightY = FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight("Y");
10         flyweightY.operate(++ extrinsic);
11         
12         Flyweight flyweightZ = FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight("Z");
13         flyweightZ.operate(++ extrinsic);
14         
15         Flyweight flyweightReX = FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight("X");
16         flyweightReX.operate(++ extrinsic);
17         
18         Flyweight unsharedFlyweight = new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("X");
19         unsharedFlyweight.operate(++ extrinsic);
20     }
21     
22 }

很简单的一个设计模式，运用典型的源码就是Integer的-128~127的数字公用对象。

注意一个内部（本身属性，姓名年龄）和外部状态（位置）
内部状态指对象共享出来的信息，存储在享元对象内部并且不会随环境的改变而改变；外部状态指对象得以依赖的一个标记，是随环境改变而改变的、不可共享的状态