Python3.7 Tkinter基础使用（一）

python3.7 tkinter官方给出的简单程序

import tkinter as tk

class Application(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.create_widgets()

    def create_widgets(self):
        self.hi_there = tk.Button(self)
        self.hi_there["text"] = "Hello World\n(click me)"
        self.hi_there["command"] = self.say_hi
        self.hi_there.pack(side="top")

        self.quit = tk.Button(self, text="QUIT", fg="red",
                              command=self.master.destroy)
        self.quit.pack(side="bottom")

    def say_hi(self):
        print("hi there, everyone!")

root = tk.Tk()
app = Application(master=root)
app.mainloop()

简单使用例子参考

2、列表+按钮绑定使用，class结构根据官方。

from tkinter import *

class Application(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.pack()
        self.master = master
        self.master.title('999')
        self.create_widgets()

    def create_widgets(self):
        sb = Scrollbar(self)
        sb.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)

        lb = Listbox(self, yscrollcommand=sb.set)
        lb.pack(side=LEFT, fill=Y)
        for i in range(1000):
            lb.insert(END, f'狗蛋{i}号')

        sb.config(command=lb.yview)

        btn = Button(self.master, text='删除', command=lambda x=lb: x.delete(ACTIVE))
        btn.pack(side=BOTTOM)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    app = Application(master=root)
    app.mainloop()

2、Button的文字样式

from tkinter import *

class App:
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.create_widgets(master)

    def create_widgets(self, master):
        frame = Frame(master)
        frame.pack(side=LEFT, padx=10, pady=10)

        btn = Button(frame, text='打招呼', fg='#fff', bg='#000',
                     command=lambda: print('99'))
        btn.pack()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.title('Tk-first')
    app = App(root)
    root.mainloop()

3、Label中的图片、文字、外边距

from tkinter import *

class App:
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.create_widgets(master)

    def create_widgets(self, master):
        t = Label(master,
                  text='今日新鲜事为您提供最新今天新鲜事儿,\n24小时不间断呈现国内新鲜事',
                  justify=LEFT,
                  padx=10)
        t.pack(side=LEFT)

        # pic = PhotoImage(file='')
        photo = Label(master,
                      # image=pic,
                      bg='blue',
                      padx=10,
                      width=5,
                      # height=5
                      )
        photo.pack(side=RIGHT)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.title('Tk-first')
    app = App(root)
    root.mainloop()

4、Label中文字 显示在 图片 上面

from tkinter import *

class App:
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.create_widgets(master)

    def create_widgets(self, master):
        self.pic = PhotoImage(file='2015_Infotainment_06_v2.png')
        t = Label(master,
                  text='AutoDesk Maya 2020',
                  justify=LEFT,
                  image=self.pic,
                  compound=CENTER,
                  font=('微软雅黑', 20),
                  fg='#fff'
                  )
        t.pack()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.title('Tk-first')
    app = App(root)
    root.mainloop()

tk中图片要注意放在 全局变量 或者作为 类的属性，不能在函数中单独定i一，否则不显示。

5、获取对象改字需要使用 StringVar() 对象设置可变的文本。

from tkinter import *


class App:
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.create_widgets(master)

    def create_widgets(self, master):
        f1, f2 = Frame(master), Frame(master)
        for i in [f1, f2]:
            i.pack(padx=10, pady=10)

        var = StringVar()
        var.set('今日新鲜事为您提供最新今天新鲜事儿,\n24小时不间断呈现国内新鲜事')

        t = Label(f1,
                  textvariable=var,
                  justify=LEFT,
                  padx=10)
        t.pack(side=LEFT)

        # pic = PhotoImage(file='')
        photo = Label(f1,
                      # image=pic,
                      bg='blue',
                      padx=10,
                      width=5,
                      # height=5
                      )
        photo.pack(side=RIGHT)

        def calback1():
            var.set('吹吧你，我才不信呢！')

        btn = Button(f2,
                     text='我18岁了啦！',
                     command=calback1
                     )
        btn.pack()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.title('Tk-first')
    app = App(root)
    root.mainloop()

6、CheckButton的使用和对齐时使用anchor=W（左西右东）

from tkinter import *

class App:
    def __init__(self, master):
        # self.test(master)
        # self.create_widgets(master)
        # self.sinGleCh(master)
        self.morEleCh(master)

    def test(self, master):
        v = IntVar()
        c = Checkbutton(master, text='测试一下', variable=v)
        c.pack()

        l = Label(master, textvariable=v)
        l.pack()

    def create_widgets(self, master):
        girls = ['西施', '貂蝉', '王昭君', '杨玉环']
        for i in girls:
            b = Checkbutton(master, text=i, variable=IntVar())
            b.pack(anchor=W)

    def sinGleCh(self, master):
        o = IntVar()
        for k, v in {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'Python': 4}.items():
            Radiobutton(master, text=k, variable=o,
                        value=v,
                        indicatoron=False).pack(anchor=W, fill=X)

    def morEleCh(self, master):
        group = LabelFrame(master, text='最好的脚本语言是？',
                           padx=5, pady=5
                           )
        group.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
        langs = [
            ('Python', 1),
            ('Perl', 2),
            ('Ruby', 3),
            ('Lua', 4),
        ]
        v = IntVar()
        for lang, num in langs:
            Radiobutton(group, text=lang, variable=v, value=num).pack(anchor=W)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.title('Tk-Checkbutton')
    app = App(root)
    root.mainloop()

图三加入了Button的 indicatoron=False，和pack(fill=X)的方法形成了图四。最后一个图是使用了LabelFrame。

LabeFrame中的 pad 是 LabeFrame 和 Radiobutton 之间的距离。

还是one master + Frame()搭建上下结构界面，+ Scale 滑块控件学习。

from tkinter import *

class App:
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.create_widgets(master)
        # self.sCale(master)

    def create_widgets(self, master):
        f1, f2 = Frame(master), Frame(master)
        f1.pack(side=TOP, fill=Y, padx=5, pady=5)
        f2.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X, padx=5, pady=5)

        sb = Scrollbar(f1)
        sb.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)

        lb = Listbox(f1, selectmode=EXTENDED, yscrollcommand=sb.set)
        lb.pack(side=LEFT, fill=Y)
        for i in range(1000):
            lb.insert(END, f'狗蛋{i}号')

        sb.config(command=lb.yview)

        btn = Button(f2, text='删除',
                     bg='#fff',
                     command=lambda x=lb: x.delete(ACTIVE)).pack(fill=X)

    def sCale(self, master):
        s1 = Scale(master, from_=0, to=42, tickinterval=5, resolution=5, length=200)
        s1.pack()

        s2 = Scale(master, from_=0, to=200, orient=HORIZONTAL,
                   tickinterval=10, length=600)
        s2.pack()

        def show():
            print(s1.get(), s2.get())

        Button(master, text='当前位置', command=show).pack()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.title('Tk-Checkbutton')
    app = App(root)
    root.mainloop()

Canvas控件画画图形

from tkinter import *
import math as m

class App:
    def __init__(self, master):
        # self.Canvas1(master)
        self.CanvasP(master)

    def Canvas1(self, master):
        # 创建Canvas
        w = Canvas(master, width=200, height=100, bg='#fff')
        w.pack()

        # 创建图形
        line1 = w.create_line(0, 50, 200, 50, fill='#22F633')
        line2 = w.create_line(100, 0, 100, 100, fill='red', dash=(4, 4))
        rect1 = w.create_rectangle(50, 25, 150, 75, fill='blue')

        # 移动图形
        w.coords(line1, 0, 25, 200, 25)
        w.itemconfig(rect1, fill='red')
        w.delete(line2)

        # 椭圆
        w.create_oval(50, 25, 150, 75, fill='pink')

        # 创建多边形
        cx, cy, r = 100, 50, 40
        r1, r2 = int(r * m.sin(2 * m.pi / 5)), int(r * m.cos(2 * m.pi / 5))
        r3, r4 = int(r * m.sin(m.pi / 5)), int(r * m.cos(m.pi / 5))
        points = [
            cx - r1, cy - r2,
            cx + r1, cy - r2,
            cx - r3, cy + r4,
            cx, cy - r,
            cx + r3, cy + r4,
        ]
        w.create_polygon(points, outline='green', fill='yellow')
        w.create_oval(cx - r, cy - r, cx + r, cy + r, outline='blue', width=2)

        # 文字
        w.create_text(100, 50, text='Harry')
        # 按钮
        Button(master, text='删除全部', command=lambda x=ALL: w.delete(x)).pack()

    def CanvasP(self, master):
        f1, f2 = Frame(master), Frame(master)
        f1.pack(side=TOP, fill=X, padx=5, pady=5)
        f2.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X, padx=5, pady=5)

        w = Canvas(f1, width=400, height=200, bg='#fff')
        w.pack()

        def paint(event):
            x1, y1 = (event.x - 1), (event.y - 1)
            x2, y2 = (event.x + 1), (event.y + 1)
            w.create_oval(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill='red')

        w.bind('<B1-Motion>', paint)

        Label(f2, text='写下你的留言：...').pack(side=LEFT)

        Button(f2, text='清空', command=lambda x=ALL: w.delete(x)).pack(side=RIGHT)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.title('Tk-Canvas')
    app = App(root)
    root.mainloop()