websocket学习笔记 go语言使用 gorilla/websocket实现实时聊天项目

完整代码：https://github.com/diguacheng/webchat

扩展包 gorilla/websocket的几个重要函数

1. 协议升级 ，1）先初始化upgrader，再调用其upgrade方法将http协议升级为websicket协议。2）也可以直接使用upgrade函数 进行协议升级

type Upgrader struct {
   
	HandshakeTimeout time.Duration
	ReadBufferSize, WriteBufferSize int
	WriteBufferPool BufferPool
	Subprotocols []string
	Error func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, status int, reason error)
	CheckOrigin func(r *http.Request) bool
	EnableCompression bool
}

func Upgrade(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, responseHeader http.Header, readBufSize, writeBufSize int) (*Conn, error) {
   
	u := Upgrader{
   ReadBufferSize: readBufSize, WriteBufferSize: writeBufSize}
	u.Error = func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, status int, reason error) {
   
		// don't return errors to maintain backwards compatibility
	}
	u.CheckOrigin = func(r *http.Request) bool {
   
		// allow all connections by default
		return true
	}
	return u.Upgrade(w, r, responseHeader)
}


func Upgrade(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, responseHeader http.Header, readBufSize, writeBufSize int) (*Conn, error) {
   
	u := Upgrader{
   ReadBufferSize: readBufSize, WriteBufferSize: writeBufSize}
	u.Error = func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, status int, reason error) {
   
		// don't return errors to maintain backwards compatibility
	}
	u.CheckOrigin = func(r *http.Request) bool {
   
		// allow all connections by default
		return true
	}
	return u.Upgrade(w, r, responseHeader)
}

2. 服务端发送数据

   使用func (c *Conn) WriteMessage(messageType int, data []byte) error方法。

   或者使用func (c *Conn) NextWriter(messageType int) (io.WriteCloser, error)方法获得writer,再调用func (w *messageWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error)将数据写入。

3. 服务端接受数据

   使用func (c *Conn) ReadMessage() (messageType int, p []byte, err error)方法。

其他函数方法可参考文档

项目实战 web实时聊天室

项目的架构如图所示：

// Client is a middleman between the websocket connection and the hub.
type Client struct {
   

	// The websocket connection.
	conn *websocket.Conn

	// Buffered channel of outbound messages.
	send chan []byte

	Data *Data
}

// Data 定义传输的数据，
type Data struct {
   
	IP     string `json:"ip"` // 本地ip
	Type    string `json:"type"` // 类型
	User    string `json:"user"` // 接受信息的用户名
	Form    string `json:"from"` // 发送信息的用户名
	FormIP string `json:"FromIp"`// 发送信息的IP
	Content string `json:"content"` // 信息的内容。
}


// Hub maintains the set of active clients and broadcasts messages to the
// clients.
type Hub struct {
   
	// Registered clients. // 一个client代表一个user
	clients map[*Client]bool

	// Inbound messages from the clients. 
	broadcast chan []byte

	// Register requests from the clients.
	register chan *Client

	// Unregister requests from clients.
	unregister chan *Client
}

hub.go

package main

// Hub maintains the set of active clients and broadcasts messages to the
// clients.
type Hub struct {
   
	// Registered clients.
	clients map[*Client]bool

	// Inbound messages from the clients.
	broadcast chan []byte

	// Register requests from the clients.
	register chan *Client

	// Unregister requests from clients.
	unregister chan *Client
}

func newHub() *Hub {
   
	return