Const

．Declare a variable（常数） to have a constant value.
．Compile time constants.
　．const int bufsize = 1024;
　 　．value must be initialized
　 　．unless you make an explicit extern declaration .
　 ．extern const int bufsize;
　 　．compiler won’t let you change it.
　 ．Compile time constants are entries in compiler symbol table, not really variables.
　 ．数组元素的个数在编译时必须是已知的
　 　．例：

const int class_size = 12; //Be Known in compile time
int finalGrade[class_size]; //OK

int x;
cin >> x;
const int class_size = x; //OK
double class_Array[class_Array]; //Error! Be known in runing!

．const object ［const 对象］
　　．例：const Currency the_raise(42, 38);　这样会导致整个类的成员都不能被
　　　访问，所以可以在成员函数后面加上const进行说明
．const member function useage
　．Repeat the const keyword int the definition as well as the declaration
　．例如：

int get_day() const;
int get_day() const { ... }

．Function members that do not modify data should be declared const
．const member functions are safe for const const objects－实际上说的是＂this＂
　为 const　[1-1.cpp]

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class A{
	public:
		A() : i(0) { }
		//overload
		void f() { cout << "A::f()" << endl; } //void f(A* this) { ... }
		void f() const { cout << "A::f() const" << endl; } //void f(const A* this) { ... }
		void set(int ii) { i = ii; }
	private:
		int i;
};

int main()
{
	const A a; //There 'i' must be initialized 
	a.f();
	A aa;
	aa.f();
	aa.set(1);

	return 0;
}

．Constant in class ［成员变量为const］- [1-2.cpp]

class A{
	const int i;
};
 //.member variable must be initialized in initializer list of the constructor.

．Compile-time constant in classes

class A{
	const int size;
	int array[size]; //Error!
	...
};
        ||
        ||

class A{
	static const int size = 100;
	int array[size];
	...
};
or
class A{
	enum { size = 100; };
	int array[size];
	...
};

[1-2.cpp]

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class A{
	public:
		A() : i(0) { }
		void f() { }
	private:
		const int i; //'i' must be initialized
};

int main()
{
	A a;

	return 0;
}