英语科技写作

写作规范

• 标题要用名词形式，不要用句子
• 各种缩写：Fig. 3 / Ref. [1] / Refs. [1-3] / Eq. (2)
• 中文的双引号在英文中要变成单引号

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常用句型 / 词组

• 做假设：
  We assume that… / We consider …

• 讨论：
  We will comment on…/ We will discuss …
  We will elaborate on… (详细讨论)
  We consider…

• 表明：
  This indicates that…
  It is shown that…
  Table 1 summarizes …
  It is illustrated that…
  stand for

• 公式相关：
  From Eq.* we can write…
  Eq.* can be rewritten as…
  substitute eq1 to eq2 （把公式1代入2）
  … is simplified to …
  for sake of simplicity （为了简便）
  …can be expressed in the form… / … takes the form of … / … reads …（描述…的公式长什么样子）
  We can rearrange … as … （把公式重新整理成…）
  … turn out to be … （算出来结果是…）

• 证明 / 佐证：
  This is in agreement with…
  …in the literature （在文献中，不加s）
  be verifi ed by
  A series of numerical tests are designed…
  We prove that…

• 得出结论
  We derive…
  Results show that…
  A question that we have addressed (设法解决).

• 别人指出过：
  Following XX
  XX (20XX) has questioned why…
  XX pointed out / argued that…
  The ideal that … was first challenged by XX.

• diss别人：
  Previous studies of XX have not dealt with …
  Researchers have not treated XX in much detail.

• 举例：
  For example,…/For instance,… / as an example…/ e.g. (例如) / etc. (等等)

• 如图所示：
  shown in Fig. X / represented in Fig. X / see Fig. X

• 附加说明
  Note that… / It is noted that… / We remark (here) that …

• 总结
  We can conclude that… / We draw the conclusion that… / In conclusion

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常用连词

表因果

• 由于： since/ Now that
• 因此：Thus / Hence / Therefore/Thereby / As a result, …
• A是B的原因：A is responsible for B
• A是B的结果：A is caused by B / A is a (direct) consequence of B

表对比：

• 然而：,while … / However, … / Whereas…
• 相反的：In contrast, …

表补充：

• 另外：In addition,…
• 此外，而且：Furthermore, / Besides,
• 也就是说：…, i.e., … / In other words, … / Namely,…

表转折：

• 虽然，尽管：Notwithstanding / Nevertheless

接下来：

• Then / Subsequently

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常用名词 / 专业名词

case, discussion, form, formulation,solution,interpretation,proof (证明), issue (议题，问题)
工作，研究：study / survey / analysis / examination / investigation / research
专业词汇：
band （波段）/ complex argument （辐角）/ spectral space（谱空间）/ wavevector wavenumber（合在一起写）
discrepancy（差别）/ trigonometric function （三角函数）
modulus（模长，复数：moduli）
axis（坐标轴，复数：axes）
in the x-direction
湍流专业词：
Kolmogorov constant / quadratic nature of the NS equations / in the inviscid limit / divergence-free/
pseudo-spectral Direct Numerical Simulations
同一数量级：be of the same order of magnitude
函数值有一块突起：bump

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常用动词

执行算例：perform (These cases are performed by…)
导致：induce，lead to
发现：discover
阐明：illustrate
做(实验/模拟)：conduct experiment/simulation
研究、调查：probe / investigate
专业词汇：truncate （截断）/ remain constant （保持不变）

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常用形容词 / 副词

形容某人做的工作：useful / seminal（有创造力的）/ detailed / thorough (彻底的) / influential / excellent / important / pioneering / impressive / promising(有前途的)
根本问题,潜在问题：underlying reason
approximately
significantly（显著的 …significantly influenced by…）
viz. （即）
(un)satisfactory (不)满足的 （ex: The grid resolution of case 1 is unsatisfactory）
a striking phenomenon（显著的）
a straightforward calculation
a body of / numerous (大量的)

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常用短语

at short times (在短时间内)
in the early stages （在初始阶段）
in the subsequent analysis
guided by this idea,…
For sake of simplicity,… (为了简便) / For later convenience
Without losing generality,… (不失一般性的)
to some extent / in some sense (在某种程度上)
By means of (用…，借助于…)