机器翻译
机器翻译是指将一段文本从一种语言自动翻译到另一种语言。因为一段文本序列在不同语言中的长度不一定相同,所以我们使用机器翻译为例来介绍编码器—解码器和注意力机制的应用。
读取和预处理数据
数据预处理
将数据集清洗、转化为神经网络的输入minbatch
%导入模块
import sys
sys.path.append('.')
import collections
import d2lzh_pytorch as d2l
import zipfile
import time
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.utils import data
from torch import optim
def preprocess_raw(text):
text = text.replace('\u202f', ' ').replace('\xa0', ' ')
out = ''
for i, char in enumerate(text.lower()):
if char in (',', '!', '.') and i > 0 and text[i-1] != ' ':
out += ' '
out += char
return out
分词
num_examples = 50000
source, target = [], []
for i, line in enumerate(text.split('\n')):
if i > num_examples:
break
parts = line.split('\t')
if len(parts) >= 2:
source.append(parts[0].split(' '))
target.append(parts[1].split(' '))
source[0:3], target[0:3]
建立词典
在这里插入图片描述
def build_vocab(tokens):
tokens = [token for line in tokens for token in line]
return d2l.data.base.Vocab(tokens, min_freq=3, use_special_tokens=True)
src_vocab = build_vocab(source)
len(src_vocab)
载入数据
def pad(line, max_len, padding_token):
if len(line) > max_len:
return line[:max_len]
return line + [padding_token] * (max_len - len(line))
pad(src_vocab[source[0]], 10, src_vocab.pad)
def build_array(lines, vocab, max_len, is_source):
lines = [vocab[line] for line in lines]
if not is_source:
lines = [[vocab.bos] + line + [vocab.eos] for line in lines]
array = torch.tensor([pad(line, max_len, vocab.pad) for line in lines])
valid_len = (array != vocab.pad).sum(1) #第一个维度
return array, valid_len
def load_data_nmt(batch_size, max_len): # This function is saved in d2l.
src_vocab, tgt_vocab = build_vocab(source), build_vocab(target)
src_array, src_valid_len = build_array(source, src_vocab, max_len, True)
tgt_array, tgt_valid_len = build_array(target, tgt_vocab, max_len, False)
train_data = data.TensorDataset(src_array, src_valid_len, tgt_array, tgt_valid_len)
train_iter = data.DataLoader(train_data, batch_size, shuffle=True)
return src_vocab, tgt_vocab, train_iter
encoder-decoder
可以应用在对话系统、生成式任务中。
class Encoder(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(Encoder, self).__init__(**kwargs)
def forward(self, X, *args):
raise NotImplementedError
class Decoder(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(Decoder, self).__init__(**kwargs)
def init_state(self, enc_outputs, *args):
raise NotImplementedError
def forward(self, X, state):
raise NotImplementedError
class EncoderDecoder(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, encoder, decoder, **kwargs):
super(EncoderDecoder, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.encoder = encoder
self.decoder = decoder
def forward(self, enc_X, dec_X, *args):
enc_outputs = self.encoder(enc_X, *args)
dec_state = self.decoder.init_state(enc_outputs, *args)
return self.decoder(dec_X, dec_state)
Seq2Seq
class Seq2SeqEncoder(d2l.Encoder):
def __init__(self, vocab_size, embed_size, num_hiddens, num_layers,
dropout=0, **kwargs):
super(Seq2SeqEncoder, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.num_hiddens=num_hiddens
self.num_layers=num_layers
self.embedding = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_size)
self.rnn = nn.LSTM(embed_size,num_hiddens, num_layers, dropout=dropout)
def begin_state(self, batch_size, device):
return [torch.zeros(size=(self.num_layers, batch_size, self.num_hiddens), device=device),
torch.zeros(size=(self.num_layers, batch_size, self.num_hiddens), device=device)]
def forward(self, X, *args):
X = self.embedding(X) # X shape: (batch_size, seq_len, embed_size)
X = X.transpose(0, 1) # RNN needs first axes to be time
# state = self.begin_state(X.shape[1], device=X.device)
out, state = self.rnn(X)
# The shape of out is (seq_len, batch_size, num_hiddens).
# state contains the hidden state and the memory cell
# of the last time step, the shape is (num_layers, batch_size, num_hiddens)
return out, state
class Seq2SeqDecoder(d2l.Decoder):
def __init__(self, vocab_size, embed_size, num_hiddens, num_layers,
dropout=0, **kwargs):
super(Seq2SeqDecoder, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.embedding = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_size)
self.rnn = nn.LSTM(embed_size,num_hiddens, num_layers, dropout=dropout)
self.dense = nn.Linear(num_hiddens,vocab_size)
def init_state(self, enc_outputs, *args):
return enc_outputs[1]
def forward(self, X, state):
X = self.embedding(X).transpose(0, 1)
out, state = self.rnn(X, state)
# Make the batch to be the first dimension to simplify loss computation.
out = self.dense(out).transpose(0, 1)
return out, state