数字IC验证系列之objection mechanism

UVM中，component的task phase是消耗仿真时间的，各个components的task phase之间需要完成同步。只有在所有components的相同task phase结束之后，才能进入下一个task phase。

UVM中通过objection mechanism中的raise/drop objection来控制phase的开始和停止。

当仿真器进入某个消耗时间的task phase时，首先会收集所有component**提起（raise）的objection,然后按顺序执行所有component各自的task phase，直到所有component提起的objection都被撤销（drop）**该phase的执行才算结束。

//driver中提起objection

task driver::main_phase(uvm_phase phase);
phase.raise_objection(this);     
.....
phase.drop_objection(this);
endtask

//monitor中提起objection

task monitor::main_phase(uvm_phase phase);    
phase.raise_objection(this);     
.....
phase.drop_objection(this);
endtask

例如在上述代码中，仿真器收集driver和monitor各自提起的objection，按顺序执行省略代码，直到driver和monitor都撤销objection才算main_phase执行结束。

如果某个component的相应task phase没有被提起，则永远也不会执行消耗仿真时间的语句。同样，如果才task phase被提起后不被撤销，则该phase永远也不会结束。

在前面的代码中，main phase具有一个uvm_phase参数，这就是为具体实现raise/drop objection而设置的，这样每个component才能通过phase.raise_objection来提起相应的objection

UVM中的run_phase和其他task phase是并行关系，如果其他task phase中的objection被提起，run_phase也会执行，直到所有objection被撤销，run_phase才会结束。

下面通过几个例子展示objection的用法：

示例1：不加raise objection

class my_driver extends uvm_driver;

	`uvm_component_utils(my_driver)  
	function new(string name = "my_driver", uvm_component parent =null);     
			super.new(name, parent);     
			`uvm_info("my_driver", "new is called", UVM_LOW);  
	endfunction  

	extern virtual task main_phase(uvm_phase phase);
endclass

task my_driver::main_phase(uvm_phase phase);  
	`uvm_info("my_driver", "main_phase is called",UVM_LOW);     
	@(posedge top_tb.clk);     
	`uvm_info("my_driver", "data is drived", UVM_LOW);
endtask

输出：

UVM_INFO my_driver.sv(8) @ 0: uvm_test_top[my_driver] new is called
UVM_INFO my_driver.sv(15) @ 0: uvm_test_top[my_driver] main_phase is called

没有输出"data is drived"

示例2：raise objection没有加在仿真时间0时刻

class my_driver extends uvm_driver;

  `uvm_component_utils(my_driver)  
	function new(string name = "my_driver", uvm_component parent =null);
     super.new(name, parent);
     `uvm_info("my_driver", "new is called", UVM_LOW);
  endfunction
  extern virtual task main_phase(uvm_phase phase);
endclass

task my_driver::main_phase(uvm_phasephase);
  @(posedge top_tb.clk);
  phase.raise_objection(this);
	`uvm_info("my_driver", "main_phase is called",UVM_LOW);
	   @(posedge top_tb.clk);
	`uvm_info("my_driver", "data is drived", UVM_LOW);
  phase.drop_objection(this);
endtask

输出：

UVM_INFO my_driver.sv(6) @ 0: uvm_test_top[my_driver] new is called

没有输出 "main_phase is called"和"data is drived"

示例3：不加drop objection

class my_driver extends uvm_driver;
  `uvm_component_utils(my_driver)
  function new(string name = "my_driver", uvm_component parent =null);
     super.new(name, parent);
     `uvm_info("my_driver", "new is called", UVM_LOW);
  endfunction
  extern virtual task main_phase(uvm_phase phase);
endclass

task my_driver::main_phase(uvm_phasephase);
  phase.raise_objection(this);
  `uvm_info("my_driver", "main_phase is called",UVM_LOW);
  while(1) begin
     @(posedge top_tb.clk);
	`uvm_info("my_driver", "data is drived", UVM_LOW);
  //phase.drop_objection(this);
  end
endtask

输出：

UVM_INFO my_driver.sv(8) @ 0: uvm_test_top[my_driver] new is called
UVM_INFO my_driver.sv(15) @ 0: uvm_test_top[my_driver] main_phase is called
UVM_INFO my_driver.sv(16) @ 125840500000:uvm_test_top [my_driver] data is drived
UVM_INFO my_driver.sv(16) @ 125840700000:uvm_test_top [my_driver] data is drived
UVM_INFO my_driver.sv(16) @ 125840900000:uvm_test_top [my_driver] data is drived
…
UVM_INFO my_driver.sv(16) @ 125841100000:uvm_test_top [my_driver] data is drived
UVM_INFO my_driver.sv(16) @ 125841300000:uvm_test_top [my_driver] data is drived
UVM_INFO my_driver.sv(16) @ 125841500000:uvm_test_top [my_driver] data is drived
UVM_INFO my_driver.sv(16) @ 125841700000:uvm_test_top [my_driver] data is drived

陷入死循环

示例4：增加drop objection

class my_driver extends uvm_driver;
  `uvm_component_utils(my_driver)
  function new(string name = "my_driver", uvm_component parent =null);
     super.new(name, parent);
     `uvm_info("my_driver", "new is called", UVM_LOW);
  endfunction
  extern virtual task main_phase(uvm_phase phase);
endclass

task my_driver::main_phase(uvm_phasephase);
  phase.raise_objection(this);
  `uvm_info("my_driver", "main_phase is called",UVM_LOW);
  while(1) begin
     @(posedge top_tb.clk);
  `uvm_info("my_driver", "data is drived", UVM_LOW);
  phase.drop_objection(this);
  end
endtask

输出：

UVM_INFO my_driver.sv(6) @ 0: uvm_test_top[my_driver] new is called
UVM_INFO my_driver.sv(13) @ 0: uvm_test_top[my_driver] main_phase is called
UVM_INFO my_driver.sv(16) @ 100000:uvm_test_top [my_driver] data is drived

正常输出

从上面几个示例可以看出，要想正确地实现对设计的仿真，必须合理地控制objection的提起和撤销，并且raise objection要发生在消耗时间的仿真语句之前。