C++ std::ref demo

std::ref()构建一个reference_wrapper对象并返回，该对象拥有传入的变量的引用。如果该对象本身就是reference_wrapper类型，则创建该对象的一个副本并返回。

在非模版的情况下，ref不能实现引用传递，只有模版自动推导类型或类型隐式转换时才行。ref能用包装类型reference_wrapper来代替原本会被识别的值类型，而reference_wrapper能隐式转换为被引用的值的引用类型

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>
#include <thread>

using namespace std;

// 使用场景
// 1、std::ref在函数式编程（如std::bind）的使用时，是对参数直接拷贝，而不是引用
// 2、在多线程时传递参数使用

void f(int& a, int& b, int& c)
{
    cout << "in function a = " << a << "  b = " << b << "  c = " << c << endl;
    cout << "in function a = " << &a << "  b = " << &b << "  c = " << &c << endl;
    a += 1;
    b += 10;
    c += 100;
}

void f(int &a) { a += 5;}

int main() {
	int a = 5;
	thread th(f, std::ref(a));
	th.join();
	cout << a << endl;			// a = 10;

    int n1 = 1, n2 = 10, n3 = 100;
    int r1 = n1;
    int& r2 = n2;

    function<void()> f1 = bind(f, r1, r2, ref(n3));
//    即便是引用类型，bind 传入的还是其值的拷贝，第三个参数传入 reference_wrapper 对象，该对象可隐式的转换为值的引用

    f1();
    cout << "out function a = " << n1 << "  b = " << n2 << "  c = " << n3 << endl;
    cout << "out function a = " << &n1 << "  b = " << &n2 << "  c = " << &n3 << endl;

    r1 = 100;
    r2 = 100;                                                                                                                                                                                               

    f1();
    cout << "out function a = " << n1 << "  b = " << n2 << "  c = " << n3 << endl;
    cout << "out function a = " << &n1 << "  b = " << &n2 << "  c = " << &n3 << endl;

	/*
	in function a = 1  b = 10  c = 100
	in function a = 0x55763d32be84  b = 0x55763d32be80  c = 0x7fff1ba6fa18
	out function a = 1  b = 10  c = 200
	out function a = 0x7fff1ba6fa10  b = 0x7fff1ba6fa14  c = 0x7fff1ba6fa18
	in function a = 2  b = 20  c = 200
	in function a = 0x55763d32be84  b = 0x55763d32be80  c = 0x7fff1ba6fa18
	out function a = 1  b = 100  c = 300
	out function a = 0x7fff1ba6fa10  b = 0x7fff1ba6fa14  c = 0x7fff1ba6fa18
	*/

    return 0;
}