docker命令练习1

1、 安装docker-ce并执行以下命令

docker --version

docker version

docker run hello-world

docker run -it ubuntu bash

[root@zzz ~]# docker version #用于显示docker的版本信息，包括docker client 和docker server
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           20.10.17
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.17.11
 Git commit:        100c701
 Built:             Mon Jun  6 23:05:12 2022
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
 Experimental:      true
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?
[root@zzz ~]#

[root@zzz ~]# docker --version #显示docker的版本
Docker version 20.10.17, build 100c701

命令格式：

docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG…]

常用OPTIONS:

-t：打开一个终端，像使用交换机一样使用容器

-i：交互式访问

—name：容器名字

—network：指定网络

—rm：容器一停，自动删除

-d：后台运行容器，返回容器ID；否则会一直占据着终端

-p：端口映射，将容器内服务的端口映射在宿主机的指定端口，格式为：主机(宿主)端口：容器端口

-P: 随机端口映射，容器内部端口随机映射到主机的端口

[root@zzz ~]# docker run hello-world  #启动容器（从仓库拉取）用来检测docker是否安装成功

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

[root@zzz ~]# docker run -it ubuntu bash #运行容器并交互式进入容器
Unable to find image 'ubuntu:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu
7b1a6ab2e44d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:626ffe58f6e7566e00254b638eb7e0f3b11d4da9675088f4781a50ae288f3322
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest
root@d41bcc87ab2d:/# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib32  lib64  libx32  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@d41bcc87ab2d:/# exit
exit
[root@zzz ~]#

2、下载并查看镜像
下载nginx的镜像，alpine的镜像，httpd的镜像并且给httpd镜像重新打标签为test/httpd:v1

拉取镜像
docker pull[选项][Docker Registry 地址[:端口号]/]仓库名[:标签]

[root@zzz ~]# docker pull nginx:latest  #拉取nginx镜像，版本：最新
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete
a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete
589b7251471a: Pull complete
186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete
b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete
a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest

[root@zzz ~]# docker pull alpine #拉取alpine镜像，不注明版本默认最新
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/alpine
59bf1c3509f3: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:21a3deaa0d32a8057914f36584b5288d2e5ecc984380bc0118285c70fa8c9300
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:latest
docker.io/library/alpine:latest

[root@zzz ~]# docker pull httpd  #拉取httpd镜像，不注明版本默认最新
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
a2abf6c4d29d: Already exists
dcc4698797c8: Pull complete
41c22baa66ec: Pull complete
67283bbdd4a0: Pull complete
d982c879c57e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0954cc1af252d824860b2c5dc0a10720af2b7a3d3435581ca788dff8480c7b32
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
docker.io/library/httpd:latest
[root@zzz ~]# docker tag httpd test/httpd:v1
[root@zzz ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx         latest    605c77e624dd   7 months ago    141MB
httpd         latest    dabbfbe0c57b   8 months ago    144MB
test/httpd    v1        dabbfbe0c57b   8 months ago    144MB
alpine        latest    c059bfaa849c   8 months ago    5.59MB
ubuntu        latest    ba6acccedd29   10 months ago   72.8MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   10 months ago   13.3kB