代码:
import tkinter as tk
class Calc(tk.Frame): # 创建Calc类继承Frame
def __init__(self, parent=None):
"""简易图形用户界面计算器构造函数"""
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.pack()
self.startOfNextOperand = True # 开始输入下一个操作数
# 创建计算过程和结果的标签
self.expr = tk.StringVar() # 显示运算表达式
self.expr.set('')
self.exprLabel = tk.Label(self, font=('Helvetica', 10),
fg='#666666', width=64, anchor='e', textvariable=self.expr)
self.exprLabel.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4)
self.result = tk.StringVar() # 显示结果
self.result.set(0)
self.resultLabel = tk.Label(self, font=('Helvetica', 20), width=34, anchor='e',
textvariable=self.result)
self.resultLabel.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=4)
# 简易计算器按钮的按钮,使用一个2D列表表示
buttons = [['CE', 'C', '<-', '/'],
['7', '8', '9', '*'],
['4', '5', '6', '-'],
['1', '2', '3', '+'],
['±', '0', '.', '=']]
# 然后使用嵌套的循环的方法创建和布局各个按钮
for r in range(5):
for c in range(4):
# 定义事件处理函数cmd(),默认参数为按钮标签buttons[r][c]
def cmd(key=buttons[r][c]):
self.click(key)
b = tk.Button(self, text=buttons[r][c], width=16, command=cmd)
b.grid(row=r+2, column=c) # 前两行用于结果显示,按钮从第3行开始
def click(self, key):
"""事件处理"""
if key == '=': #按等号键时, 求值, 并显示结果
resultExpr = self.expr.get() + self.result.get()
resultNum = eval(resultExpr)
self.result.set(resultNum)
self.expr.set('')
self.startOfNextOperand = True
elif key in '+-/*':
resultExpr = self.expr.get() + self.result.get() + key
self.expr.set(resultExpr)
self.startOfNextOperand = True
elif key == 'C': # 全部清空, 回到初始状态
self.expr.set('')
self.result.set(0)
elif key == 'CE': # 清空当前输入
self.result.set(0)
elif key == '<-':
oldnum = self.result.get()
if len(oldnum) == 1: # 只有一个字符
newnum = 0
else:
newnum = oldnum[:-1]
self.result.set(newnum)
elif key == '±': # 正负号,切换正负号
oldnum = self.result.get() # 获取原来的值
if oldnum[0] == '-':
newnum = oldnum[1:]
else:
newnum = '-' + oldnum
self.result.set(newnum)
else: # 按数字或者小数点键
if self.startOfNextOperand:
self.result.set(0)
self.startOfNextOperand = False
oldnum = self.result.get() # 获取原来的值
if oldnum == '0':
self.result.set(key)
else:
newnum = oldnum + key
self.result.set(newnum)
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = tk.Tk()
root.title('简易计算器')
calc = Calc(root)
root.mainloop()
运行结果: