sklearn笔记30手写代码实现线性回归

完整代码 sklearn代码22 3-手写代码实现线性回归

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline

from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression

X = np.linspace(2,10,20).reshape(-1,1)

# f(x) = wx +b
y = np.random.randint(1,6,size = 1)*X + np.random.randint(-5,5,size =1)

# 噪声，加盐

y += np.random.randn(20,1)*0.5

plt.scatter(X,y,color = 'red')

*0.25时，波动不明显

*1时，波动十分剧烈

对数据进行拟合，让线尽量经过点的中间位置

使用线性回归去计算

lr = LinearRegression()
lr.fit(X,y)

w = lr.coef_[0,0]
b = lr.intercept_[0]
print(w,b)

plt.scatter(X,y)

x = np.linspace(1,11,50)

plt.plot(x,w*x + b,color = 'green')

自定义线性回归模型并计算结果

# 使用梯度下降解决一元一次的线性问题：w，b
class LinearModel(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.w = np.random.randn(1)[0]
        self.b = np.random.randn(1)[0]
#         数学建模：将数据X和目标值关系用数学公式来表达
    def model(self,x):    # model模型 f(x) = wx + b
        return self.w*x + b
    def loss(self,x,y):   #最小二乘法
        cost = (y - self.model(x))**2
#         偏导数，求解两个未知数：w，b
        gradient_w = 2*(y-self.model(x))*(-x)
        gradient_b = 2*(y-self.model(x))*(-1)
        return cost,gradient_w,gradient_b
#     梯度下降
    def gradient_descent(self,gradient_w,gradient_b,learning_rate=0.1):
#         更新w,b
        self.w -= gradient_w*learning_rate
        self.b -= gradient_b*learning_rate
#         训练fit
        
    def fit(self,X,y):
        count = 0  # 算法执行优化了3000次，退出 代表着算法执行的最大次数
        tol = 0.0001
        
        last_w = self.w + 0.1
        last_b = self.b + 0.1
        length = len(X)
        while True:
            if count > 3000:   # 执行的次数到了
                break
#                 求解的斜率和截距的精确度达到要求
            if (abs(last_w - self.w) < tol) and (abs(last_b - self.b) < tol):
                break
            cost = 0
            gradient_w = 0
            gradient_b = 0
            for i in range(length):
                cost_,gradient_w_,gradient_b_ = self.loss(X[i,0],y[i,0])
                cost += cost_/length
                gradient_w += gradient_w_/length
                gradient_b += gradient_b_/length
            print('--------------------------执行次数：%d.损失值：%0.2f'%(count,cost))
        
            last_w = self.w
            last_b = self.b
#         更新截距和斜率
            self.gradient_descent(gradient_w,gradient_b,0.002)
            count += 1
    def result(self):
        return self.w,self.b

lm = LinearModel()

lm.fit(X,y)

lm.result()

# sklearn中的LinerRegression
print(w,b)

plt.scatter(X,y,c= 'red')

plt.plot(x,1.9649*x - 4.64088,color = 'green')

plt.plot(x,w*x  + b,color = 'blue')

plt.title('自定义的算法拟合曲线',fontproperties = 'KaiTi')