java后端生成验证码图片 二维码

1、用于生成带四位数字验证码的图片

package com.test.web.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Random;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class VerifyController {
    /* 获取验证码图片*/
    @GetMapping("/getVerificationCode")
    public void getVerificationCode(HttpServletResponse response, HttpServletRequest request) {
        try {
            int width = 200;
            int height = 69;
            BufferedImage verifyImg = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

            //生成对应宽高的初始图片
            String randomText = drawRandomText(width, height, verifyImg);
            System.out.println(randomText);

            //单独的一个类方法，出于代码复用考虑，进行了封装。
            //功能是生成验证码字符并加上噪点，干扰线，返回值为验证码字符
            request.getSession().setAttribute("verifyCode", randomText);
			
			//将图片写到response
            response.setContentType("image/png");//必须设置响应内容类型为图片，否则前台不识别
            OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream(); //获取文件输出流
            ImageIO.write(verifyImg, "png", os);//输出图片流
            os.flush();
            os.close();//关闭流
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /*对图片进行处理的类和方法*/
    private String drawRandomText(int width, int height, BufferedImage verifyImg) {
        Graphics2D graphics = (Graphics2D) verifyImg.getGraphics();
        graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);//设置画笔颜色-验证码背景色
        graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);//填充背景
        graphics.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
        //数字和字母的组合
        String baseNumLetter = "123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";

        StringBuilder sBuffer = new StringBuilder();
        int x = 10;  //旋转原点的 x 坐标
        String ch = "";
        Random random = new Random();
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            graphics.setColor(getRandomColor());
            //设置字体旋转角度
            int degree = random.nextInt() % 30;  //角度小于30度
            int dot = random.nextInt(baseNumLetter.length());
            //随机生成的值
            ch = baseNumLetter.charAt(dot) + "";
            sBuffer.append(ch);
            //正向旋转
            graphics.rotate(degree * Math.PI / 180, x, 45);
            graphics.drawString(ch, x, 45);
            //反向旋转
            graphics.rotate(-degree * Math.PI / 180, x, 45);
            x += 48;
        }
        //画干扰线
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
            // 设置随机颜色
            graphics.setColor(getRandomColor());
            // 随机画线
            graphics.drawLine(random.nextInt(width), random.nextInt(height),
                    random.nextInt(width), random.nextInt(height));
        }
        //添加噪点
        for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
            int x1 = random.nextInt(width);
            int y1 = random.nextInt(height);
            graphics.setColor(getRandomColor());
            graphics.fillRect(x1, y1, 2, 2);
        }
        return sBuffer.toString();
    }

    /*对图片进行处理的类和方法*/
    private String drawRandomText2(int width, int height, BufferedImage verifyImg) {
        Graphics2D graphics = (Graphics2D) verifyImg.getGraphics();
        graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);//设置画笔颜色-验证码背景色
        graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);//填充背景
        graphics.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
        //数字和字母的组合
        String baseNumLetter = "123456789";
        String operationSign = "+-*/";

        StringBuilder sBuffer = new StringBuilder();
        int x = 10;  //旋转原点的 x 坐标
        String num = "";
        String operation = "";
        Random random = new Random();
        for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
            graphics.setColor(getRandomColor());
            //设置字体旋转角度
            int degree = random.nextInt() % 30;  //角度小于30度
            //数字下班
            int numIndex = random.nextInt(baseNumLetter.length());
            //符号下标
            int operationIndex = random.nextInt(operationSign.length());
            //随机生成的数字
            num = baseNumLetter.charAt(numIndex) + "";
            //随机生成的符号
            operation = operationSign.charAt(operationIndex) + "";
            if (i == 2) {
                sBuffer.append(operation);
            } else {
                sBuffer.append(num);
            }
            //正向旋转
            graphics.rotate(degree * Math.PI / 180, x, 45);
            graphics.drawString(num, x, 45);
            //反向旋转
            graphics.rotate(-degree * Math.PI / 180, x, 45);
            x += 48;
        }
        //画干扰线
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
            // 设置随机颜色
            graphics.setColor(getRandomColor());
            // 随机画线
            graphics.drawLine(random.nextInt(width), random.nextInt(height),
                    random.nextInt(width), random.nextInt(height));
        }
        //添加噪点
        for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
            int x1 = random.nextInt(width);
            int y1 = random.nextInt(height);
            graphics.setColor(getRandomColor());
            graphics.fillRect(x1, y1, 2, 2);
        }
        return sBuffer.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 随机取色
     */
    private Color getRandomColor() {
        Random ran = new Random();
        return new Color(ran.nextInt(256), ran.nextInt(256), ran.nextInt(256));
    }
}

2、生成二维码

依赖包
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
    <artifactId>core</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;

@GetMapping("/create")
  public void createImage(@RequestParam(value = "linkUrl") String linkUrl, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

      //二维码携带信息
      Map<EncodeHintType, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
      //二维码纠错程度 google.zxing
      map.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
      //字符编码
      map.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");
      //边距
      map.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
      //1.构建二维码对象
      BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(linkUrl, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 300, 300, map);

      int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
      int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
      //2.将二维码对象写到BufferedImage对象中
      BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
      for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
          for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
              bufferedImage.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0XFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF);
          }
      }

      //3.将BufferedImage写到response对象
      response.setContentType("image/png");//必须设置响应内容类型为图片，否则前台不识别
      OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream(); //获取文件输出流
      ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "png", os);//输出图片流
os.flush();
      os.close();//关闭流
  }