(随手记)scala基础： scala基础：List、Map、Set

随手记比较乱，看书 看视频的时候顺带写的内容，后期会慢慢整理

 

List 有序可重复的结构，包含 不可变 可变两种

Set 是一个无序不可重复的数据结构

Nil是什么

不可变的空的集合

scala> Nil
res46: scala.collection.immutable.Nil.type = List()

函数

head 头

tail 尾

 

不允许使用list类定义list

scala> val a = 1::Nil
a: List[Int] = List(1)

 

变长List

scala> import scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer
import scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer

scala> val l5 = new ListBuffer[Int]
l5: scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer[Int] = ListBuffer()

scala>     l5 +=(4, 5,6)
res0: l5.type = ListBuffer(4, 5, 6)

scala> l5 -=(1,4)
res1: l5.type = ListBuffer(5, 6)
 

递归实现求和

scala>     def sum(nums: Int*): Int = {
     |       if (nums.length == 0) 0
     |       else nums.head + sum(nums.tail: _*)
     |     }
sum: (nums: Int*)Int

scala>

scala>     print(sum(1,2,3,4))
10

 

zip按照index对应关系组成tuple

zipWithIndex会把list的元素加上编号

scala> val names = List("Spark", "Hadoop", "Scala")
names: List[String] = List(Spark, Hadoop, Scala)

scala>     val score = List(5, 9, 4)
score: List[Int] = List(5, 9, 4)

scala>     val result = names.zip(score)
result: List[(String, Int)] = List((Spark,5), (Hadoop,9), (Scala,4))

scala>     result.zipWithIndex
res4: List[((String, Int), Int)] = List(((Spark,5),0), ((Hadoop,9),1), ((Scala,4),2))
 

Set

无序不可重复结构

scala> val set = Set(1,1,1,2,2,3,3)
set: scala.collection.immutable.Set[Int] = Set(1, 2, 3)

Map

不可变map

scala> val map = Map("hadoop" -> 123, "spark" -> 345, "scala" -> 678)
map: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(hadoop -> 123, spark -> 345, scala -> 678)

scala> map("12")
java.util.NoSuchElementException: key not found: 12
  at scala.collection.MapLike$class.default(MapLike.scala:228)
  at scala.collection.AbstractMap.default(Map.scala:59)
  at scala.collection.MapLike$class.apply(MapLike.scala:141)
  at scala.collection.AbstractMap.apply(Map.scala:59)
  ... 32 elided

scala> map("hadoop") = 100
<console>:14: error: value update is not a member of scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int]
       map("hadoop") = 100

可变map

scala> val map = scala.collection.mutable.Map("hadoop" -> 123, "spark" -> 345, "scala" -> 678)
map: scala.collection.mutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(spark -> 345, hadoop -> 123, scala -> 678)

scala> map("hadoop") = 100

scala> map("hadoop")  //修改hadoop的值
res12: Int = 100

scala> map("flink") = 200

scala> map("flink")  //新增flink的值
res14: Int = 200

scala> map("storm")
java.util.NoSuchElementException: key not found: storm
  at scala.collection.MapLike$class.default(MapLike.scala:228)
  at scala.collection.AbstractMap.default(Map.scala:59)
  at scala.collection.mutable.HashMap.apply(HashMap.scala:65)
  ... 32 elided

scala> map.getOrElse("storm",300) //找不到就用默认值
res16: Int = 300

scala> map.getOrElse("flink",300)  //找得到就用设置的值
res17: Int = 200

可变map新增元素

scala> map += ("storm" -> 300,"hbase"-> 400)
res19: map.type = Map(spark -> 345, hadoop -> 100, scala -> 678, flink -> 200, storm -> 300, hbase -> 400)

判断元素在map是否存在

scala> map.contains("storm")
res21: Boolean = true

scala> map.contains("kudu")
res22: Boolean = false

取出map中的值

scala> val map = scala.collection.mutable.Map("hadoop" -> 123, "spark" -> 345, "scala" -> 678)
map: scala.collection.mutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(spark -> 345, hadoop -> 123, scala -> 678)

scala>     for ((k,v) <- map){
     |       println(k)
     |       println(v)
     |     }
spark
345
hadoop
123
scala
678

scala>     for (k <- map.keySet){
     |       println(k)
     |       println(map(k))
     |     }
spark
345
hadoop
123
scala
678

scala>     for (v <- map.values){
     |       println(v)
     |     }
345
123
678