Java中的常用类
一、JDK8中新日期时间API
1、背景
2、LocalDate、LocalTime、LocalDateTime
/*
LocalDate、LocalTime、LocalDateTime 的使用
说明:
1.LocalDateTime相较于LocalDate、LocalTime,使用频率要高
2.类似于Calendar
*/
@Test
public void test1(){
//now():获取当前的日期、时间、日期+时间
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
LocalTime localTime = LocalTime.now();
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println(localDate);
System.out.println(localTime);
System.out.println(localDateTime);
//of():设置指定的年、月、日、时、分、秒。没有偏移量
LocalDateTime localDateTime1 = LocalDateTime.of(2020, 10, 6, 13, 23, 43);
System.out.println(localDateTime1);
//getXxx():获取相关的属性
System.out.println(localDateTime.getDayOfMonth());
System.out.println(localDateTime.getDayOfWeek());
System.out.println(localDateTime.getMonth());
System.out.println(localDateTime.getMonthValue());
System.out.println(localDateTime.getMinute());
//体现不可变性
//withXxx():设置相关的属性
LocalDate localDate1 = localDate.withDayOfMonth(22);
System.out.println(localDate);
System.out.println(localDate1);
LocalDateTime localDateTime2 = localDateTime.withHour(4);
System.out.println(localDateTime);
System.out.println(localDateTime2);
//不可变性
LocalDateTime localDateTime3 = localDateTime.plusMonths(3);
System.out.println(localDateTime);
System.out.println(localDateTime3);
LocalDateTime localDateTime4 = localDateTime.minusDays(6);
System.out.println(localDateTime);
System.out.println(localDateTime4);
}
3、 瞬时:Instant
/*
Instant的使用
类似于 java.util.Date类
*/
@Test
public void test2(){
//now():获取本初子午线对应的标准时间
Instant instant = Instant.now();
System.out.println(instant);//2019-02-18T07:29:41.719Z
//添加时间的偏移量
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = instant.atOffset(ZoneOffset.ofHours(8));
System.out.println(offsetDateTime);//2019-02-18T15:32:50.611+08:00
//toEpochMilli():获取自1970年1月1日0时0分0秒(UTC)开始的毫秒数 ---> Date类的getTime()
long milli = instant.toEpochMilli();
System.out.println(milli);
//ofEpochMilli():通过给定的毫秒数,获取Instant实例 -->Date(long millis)
Instant instant1 = Instant.ofEpochMilli(1550475314878L);
System.out.println(instant1);
}
4、格式化与解析日期或时间
/*
DateTimeFormatter:格式化或解析日期、时间
类似于SimpleDateFormat
*/
@Test
public void test3(){
// 方式一:预定义的标准格式。如:ISO_LOCAL_DATE_TIME;ISO_LOCAL_DATE;ISO_LOCAL_TIME
DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE_TIME;
//格式化:日期-->字符串
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
String str1 = formatter.format(localDateTime);
System.out.println(localDateTime);
System.out.println(str1);//2019-02-18T15:42:18.797
//解析:字符串 -->日期
TemporalAccessor parse = formatter.parse("2019-02-18T15:42:18.797");
System.out.println(parse);
// 方式二:
// 本地化相关的格式。如:ofLocalizedDateTime()
// FormatStyle.LONG / FormatStyle.MEDIUM / FormatStyle.SHORT :适用于LocalDateTime
DateTimeFormatter formatter1 = DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.LONG);
//格式化
String str2 = formatter1.format(localDateTime);
System.out.println(str2);//2019年2月18日 下午03时47分16秒
// 本地化相关的格式。如:ofLocalizedDate()
// FormatStyle.FULL / FormatStyle.LONG / FormatStyle.MEDIUM / FormatStyle.SHORT : 适用于LocalDate
DateTimeFormatter formatter2 = DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.MEDIUM);
//格式化
String str3 = formatter2.format(LocalDate.now());
System.out.println(str3);//2019-2-18
// 重点: 方式三:自定义的格式。如:ofPattern(“yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss”)
DateTimeFormatter formatter3 = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
//格式化
String str4 = formatter3.format(LocalDateTime.now());
System.out.println(str4);//2019-02-18 03:52:09
//解析
TemporalAccessor accessor = formatter3.parse("2019-02-18 03:52:09");
System.out.println(accessor);
}
5、其他API
//ZoneId:类中包含了所有的时区信息
// ZoneId的getAvailableZoneIds():获取所有的ZoneId
Set<String> zoneIds = ZoneId.getAvailableZoneIds();
for (String s : zoneIds) {
System.out.println(s);
}
// ZoneId的of():获取指定时区的时间
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Tokyo"));
System.out.println(localDateTime);
//ZonedDateTime:带时区的日期时间
// ZonedDateTime的now():获取本时区的ZonedDateTime对象
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println(zonedDateTime);
// ZonedDateTime的now(ZoneId id):获取指定时区的ZonedDateTime对象
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime1 = ZonedDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Tokyo"));
System.out.println(zonedDateTime1);
//Duration:用于计算两个“时间”间隔,以秒和纳秒为基准
LocalTime localTime = LocalTime.now();
LocalTime localTime1 = LocalTime.of(15, 23, 32);
//between():静态方法,返回Duration对象,表示两个时间的间隔
Duration duration = Duration.between(localTime1, localTime);
System.out.println(duration);
System.out.println(duration.getSeconds());
System.out.println(duration.getNano());
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2016, 6, 12, 15, 23, 32);
LocalDateTime localDateTime1 = LocalDateTime.of(2017, 6, 12, 15, 23, 32);
Duration duration1 = Duration.between(localDateTime1, localDateTime);
System.out.println(duration1.toDays());
//Period:用于计算两个“日期”间隔,以年、月、日衡量
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
LocalDate localDate1 = LocalDate.of(2028, 3, 18);
Period period = Period.between(localDate, localDate1);
System.out.println(period);
System.out.println(period.getYears());
System.out.println(period.getMonths());
System.out.println(period.getDays());
Period period1 = period.withYears(2);
System.out.println(period1);
// TemporalAdjuster:时间校正器
// 获取当前日期的下一个周日是哪天?
TemporalAdjuster temporalAdjuster = TemporalAdjusters.next(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY);
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now().with(temporalAdjuster);
System.out.println(localDateTime);
// 获取下一个工作日是哪天?
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now().with(new TemporalAdjuster() {
@Override
public Temporal adjustInto(Temporal temporal) {
LocalDate date = (LocalDate) temporal;
if (date.getDayOfWeek().equals(DayOfWeek.FRIDAY)) {
return date.plusDays(3);
} else if (date.getDayOfWeek().equals(DayOfWeek.SATURDAY)) {
return date.plusDays(2);
} else {
return date.plusDays(1);
} }
});
System.out.println("下一个工作日是:" + localDate);
6、与传统日期处理的转换
二、Java比较器
1、方式一:自然排序:java.lang.Comparable
class Goods implements Comparable {
private String name;
private double price;
//按照价格,比较商品的大小
@Override
public int compareTo(Object o) {
if(o instanceof Goods) {
Goods other = (Goods) o;
if (this.price > other.price) {
return 1;
} else if (this.price < other.price) {
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
throw new RuntimeException("输入的数据类型不一致");
}
//构造器、getter、setter、toString()方法略
}
public class ComparableTest{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Goods[] all = new Goods[4];
all[0] = new Goods("《红楼梦》", 100);
all[1] = new Goods("《西游记》", 80);
all[2] = new Goods("《三国演义》", 140);
all[3] = new Goods("《水浒传》", 120);
Arrays.sort(all);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(all));
}
}
2、方式二:定制排序:java.util.Comparator
Goods[] all = new Goods[4];
all[0] = new Goods("War and Peace", 100);
all[1] = new Goods("Childhood", 80);
all[2] = new Goods("Scarlet and Black", 140);
all[3] = new Goods("Notre Dame de Paris", 120);
Arrays.sort(all, new Comparator() {
@Override
public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
Goods g1 = (Goods) o1;
Goods g2 = (Goods) o2;
return g1.getName().compareTo(g2.getName());
}
});
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(all));
三、System类
String javaVersion = System.getProperty("java.version");
System.out.println("java的version:" + javaVersion);
String javaHome = System.getProperty("java.home");
System.out.println("java的home:" + javaHome);
String osName = System.getProperty("os.name");
System.out.println("os的name:" + osName);
String osVersion = System.getProperty("os.version");
System.out.println("os的version:" + osVersion);
String userName = System.getProperty("user.name");
System.out.println("user的name:" + userName);
String userHome = System.getProperty("user.home");
System.out.println("user的home:" + userHome);
String userDir = System.getProperty("user.dir");
System.out.println("user的dir:" + userDir);
四、 Math类
五、 BigInteger与BigDecimal
@Test
public void test2() {
BigInteger bi = new BigInteger("1243324112234324324325235245346567657653");
BigDecimal bd = new BigDecimal("12435.351");
BigDecimal bd2 = new BigDecimal("11");
System.out.println(bi);
// System.out.println(bd.divide(bd2));
System.out.println(bd.divide(bd2, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP));
System.out.println(bd.divide(bd2, 25, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP));
}
以上就是java常见类的介绍,如果有不当之处或者遇到什么问题,欢迎在文章下面留言~
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