std::error_code的使用

概述

std::error_code主要包括两方面: error id和category, 要实现自己定义的error_code, 也就需要定义自己的error id和category.
如果只使用error id(例如Linux的errno)的话, 不同服务分开开发可能相同的errno代表的含义不同, 因此需要使用error id代表状态, 和category表示该error_code所在的域.

定义自己的error id: error num enum

• 定义自己的enum class:

enum class FlightsErrc {
    NonexistentLocations = 10,
    DatesInThePast,
    InvertedDates,
    NoFlightsFound = 20,
    ProtocolViolation = 30,
    ConnectionError,
    ResourceError,
    Timeout
};

• 特例化std::is_error_code_enum:

namespace std {
template <>
struct is_error_code_enum<FlightsErrc> : true_type {};
}

• 声明并实现std::error_code make_error_code(Your_Error_Enum):
  在头文件中声明:

// .h文件
std::error_code make_error_code(FlightsErrc);

// .cpp文件
std::error_code make_error_code(FlightsErrc errc) {
	// theFlightErrCategory是自己的category的一个实例, 见下面
    return {static_cast<int>(errc), theFlightErrCategory};
}

定义自己的error_category

注意声明和实现自己的error_category在cpp源文件的一个编译单元即可, 其它使用的地方只需要该结构的一个实例地址.
需要继承std::error_category, 并实现name()和message()这两个纯虚函数.

struct FlightsErrCategory : std::error_category {
        const char *name() const noexcept override;
        std::string message(int ev) const override;
    };

    const char *FlightsErrCategory::name() const noexcept {
        return "flights";
    }

    std::string FlightsErrCategory::message(int ev) const {
    	// enum class需要static_cast
        switch (static_cast<FlightsErrc>(ev))
        {
        case FlightsErrc::NonexistentLocations:
            return "nonexistent airport name in request";
            break;
        case FlightsErrc::DatesInThePast:
            return "request for a date from the past";
            break;
        case FlightsErrc::InvertedDates:
            return "requested flight return date before departure date";
            break;
        case FlightsErrc::NoFlightsFound:
            return "no filight combination found";
            break;
        case FlightsErrc::ProtocolViolation:
            return "received malformed request";
            break;
        case FlightsErrc::ConnectionError:
            return "could not connect to server";
            break;
        case FlightsErrc::ResourceError:
            return "insufficient resources";
            break;
        case FlightsErrc::Timeout:
            return "processing timed out";
            break;
        // 这里需要default用于传入非enum class范围的值
        default:
            return "(unrecognized error)";
        }
    }

	// 注意定义一个category的示例用于实现make_error_code方法
    const FlightsErrCategory theFlightErrCategory {};

完整代码示例

error_code.h

#ifndef ERROR_CODES_H
#define ERROR_CODES_H

#include <system_error>

enum class FlightsErrc {
    NonexistentLocations = 10,
    DatesInThePast,
    InvertedDates,
    NoFlightsFound = 20,
    ProtocolViolation = 30,
    ConnectionError,
    ResourceError,
    Timeout
};

namespace std {
template <>
struct is_error_code_enum<FlightsErrc> : true_type {};
}
std::error_code make_error_code(FlightsErrc);

#endif

error_code.cpp

#include "error_codes.h"

namespace {
    struct FlightsErrCategory : std::error_category {
        const char *name() const noexcept override;
        std::string message(int ev) const override;
    };

    const char *FlightsErrCategory::name() const noexcept {
        return "flights";
    }

    std::string FlightsErrCategory::message(int ev) const {
        switch (static_cast<FlightsErrc>(ev))
        {
        case FlightsErrc::NonexistentLocations:
            return "nonexistent airport name in request";
            break;
        case FlightsErrc::DatesInThePast:
            return "request for a date from the past";
            break;
        case FlightsErrc::InvertedDates:
            return "requested flight return date before departure date";
            break;
        case FlightsErrc::NoFlightsFound:
            return "no filight combination found";
            break;
        case FlightsErrc::ProtocolViolation:
            return "received malformed request";
            break;
        case FlightsErrc::ConnectionError:
            return "could not connect to server";
            break;
        case FlightsErrc::ResourceError:
            return "insufficient resources";
            break;
        case FlightsErrc::Timeout:
            return "processing timed out";
            break;
        default:
            return "(unrecognized error)";
        }
    }

    const FlightsErrCategory theFlightErrCategory {};
}

std::error_code make_error_code(FlightsErrc errc) {
    return {static_cast<int>(errc), theFlightErrCategory};
}

参考内容

https://blog.csdn.net/mightbxg/article/details/108290083?app_version=5.15.4&csdn_share_tail=%7B%22type%22%3A%22blog%22%2C%22rType%22%3A%22article%22%2C%22rId%22%3A%22108290083%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22weixin_44708428%22%7D&utm_source=app
http://blog.think-async.com/2010/04/system-error-support-in-c0x-part-1.html