SpringBoot与数据访问
1. Tomcat.JDBC作为数据源
在项目中导入如下依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
创建配置文件:
spring:
datasource:
username: 用户
password: 密码
url: jdbc:mysql://你的数据库服务器IP/数据库名
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
编写如下测试类
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringBoot06DataJdbcApplicationTests {
@Autowired
DataSource dataSource;
@Test
public void contextLoads() throws SQLException {
System.out.println(dataSource.getClass());//org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
connection.close();
}
}
输出org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource可以看出,SpringBoot默认使用tomcat.jdbc作为数据源。
与数据源相关的配置都在DataSourceProperties类中可以看到。
其次我们深入看一下DataSourceInitializer的源码,可以发现两个很有趣的方法
private void runSchemaScripts() {
List<Resource> scripts = getScripts("spring.datasource.schema",
this.properties.getSchema(), "schema");
if (!scripts.isEmpty()) {
String username = this.properties.getSchemaUsername();
String password = this.properties.getSchemaPassword();
runScripts(scripts, username, password);
try {
this.applicationContext
.publishEvent(new DataSourceInitializedEvent(this.dataSource));
// The listener might not be registered yet, so don't rely on it.
if (!this.initialized) {
runDataScripts();
this.initialized = true;
}
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
logger.warn("Could not send event to complete DataSource initialization ("
+ ex.getMessage() + ")");
}
}
}
private void runDataScripts() {
List<Resource> scripts = getScripts("spring.datasource.data",
this.properties.getData(), "data");
String username = this.properties.getDataUsername();
String password = this.properties.getDataPassword();
runScripts(scripts, username, password);
}
作用:
1)、runSchemaScripts();运行建表语句;
2)、runDataScripts();运行插入数据的sql语句;
默认只需要将文件命名为:
schema-*.sql、data-*.sql
默认规则:schema.sql,schema-all.sql;
可以使用
schema:
- classpath:department.sql
指定位置
注意一点:不管建表还是插入数据,只执行一次就行了,在表和数据存在后,如果不删除此处的命令,便会又一次创建。
那我们到底改如何操纵数据库:SpringBoot自动配置了JdbcTemplate操作数据库。有关此内容我不再赘述,JdbcTemplate作为spring对jdbc的又一次封装,更为便捷。
2. 如何整合其他数据源(以Druid数据源为例)
首先我们探究DataSourceConfiguration的静态内部类Generic
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type")
static class Generic {
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) {
//使用DataSourceBuilder创建数据源,利用反射创建响应type的数据源,并且绑定相关属性
return properties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().build();
}
}
在POM文件中引入数据源依赖
<!--引入druid数据源-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.8</version>
</dependency>
此时,我们在配置文件中已经说明数据源类型与数据源相关的配置,接下来我们只需配置数据源的监控即可
导入druid数据源
@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
@Bean
public DataSource druid(){
return new DruidDataSource();
}
//配置Druid的监控
//1、配置一个管理后台的Servlet
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){
ServletRegistrationBean bean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
initParams.put("loginUsername","admin");
initParams.put("loginPassword","123456");
initParams.put("allow","");//默认就是允许所有访问
initParams.put("deny","192.168.15.21");
bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
return bean;
}
//2、配置一个web监控的filter
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter(){
FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());
Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
initParams.put("exclusions","*.js,*.css,/druid/*");
bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*"));
return bean;
}
}
有关Druid的知识,大家可以去参考官方文档。
3. SpringBoot中如何使用Mybatis框架
首先肯定是导入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
使用步骤如下:
1.配置数据源(1和2小节已经说明)
2.数据库建表
3.创建JavaBean
4.注解版使用
我将我的项目结构展示如下
//指定这是一个操作数据库的mapper
@Mapper
public interface DepartmentMapper {
@Select("select * from department where id=#{id}")
public Department getDeptById(Integer id);
@Delete("delete from department where id=#{id}")
public int deleteDeptById(Integer id);
@Options(useGeneratedKeys = true,keyProperty = "id")
@Insert("insert into department(departmentName) values(#{departmentName})")
public int insertDept(Department department);
@Update("update department set departmentName=#{departmentName} where id=#{id}")
public int updateDept(Department department);
}
在mapper包下的接口中,我们使用注解已经完成了操作数据库的逻辑。注解不要遗漏注解。
我们也可以自定义MyBatis的配置规则,比如我们打开驼峰命名规则。
给容器中添加一个ConfigurationCustomizer
@org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
public class MyBatisConfig {
@Bean
public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer(){
return new ConfigurationCustomizer(){
@Override
public void customize(Configuration configuration) {
configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true);
}
};
}
}
如果mapper中的接口过于多,我们使用批量扫描注解
//使用MapperScan批量扫描所有的Mapper接口;
@MapperScan(value = "com.atguigu.springboot.mapper")
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication.class, args);
}
}
- 配置文件版的使用
首先我先指出配置文件的映射
mybatis:
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml 指定全局配置文件的位置
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml 指定sql映射文件的位置
我的目录结构如下
4. SpringBoot整合SpringData JPA
4.1 SpringData JPA介绍
SpringData就是Spring提供了一个操作数据的框架。而SpringData JPA只是SpringData框架下的一个基于JPA标准操作数据的模块。
SpringData JPA:基于JPA的标准进行数据操作。简化操作持久层的代码。只需要编写接口就可以。
4.2 SpringBoot整合SpringData JPA
4.2.1 导入maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
4.2.2 编写配置文件
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.15.22/jpa
username: root
password: 123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
# create:每次运行程序时,都会重新创建表,故而数据会丢失
# create-drop:每次运行程序时会先创建表结构,然后待程序结束时清空表
# upadte:每次运行程序,没有表时会创建表,如果对象发生改变会更新表结构,原有数据不会清空,只会更新(推荐使用)
# validate:运行程序会校验数据与数据库的字段类型是否相同,字段不同会报错
# none: 禁用DDL处理
# 控制台显示SQL
show-sql: true
4.2.3 编写实体类
import javax.persistence.*;
//使用JPA注解配置映射关系
@Entity//告诉JPA这是一个实体类(和数据表映射的类)
@Table(name="t_users")//@Table来指定和哪个数据表对应;如果省略默认表名就是user;
public class Users {
@Id //主键id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)//主键生成策略
@Column(name="id")//数据库字段名
private Integer id;
@Column(name="name")
private String name;
@Column(name="age")
private Integer age;
@Column(name="address")
private String address;
@ManyToOne(cascade = CascadeType.PERSIST) //表示多方
@JoinColumn(name ="role_id") //维护一个外键,外键在Users一侧
private Roles roles;
public Roles getRoles() {
return roles;
}
public void setRoles(Roles roles) {
this.roles = roles;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("Users{");
sb.append("id=").append(id);
sb.append(", name='").append(name).append('\'');
sb.append(", age=").append(age);
sb.append(", address='").append(address).append('\'');
sb.append(", roles=").append(roles);
sb.append('}');
return sb.toString();
}
}
4.2.4 编写Dao接口
/**
* 参数一 T :当前需要映射的实体
* 参数二 ID :当前映射的实体中的OID的类型
*
*/
public interface UsersRepository extends JpaRepository<Users,Integer> {
}
4.2.5 测试
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
UserRepository userRepository;
@GetMapping("/user/{id}")
public User getUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
User user = userRepository.findOne(id);
return user;
}
@GetMapping("/user")
public User insertUser(User user){
User save = userRepository.save(user);
return save;
}
}
4.2.6 探究JPA提供的核心接口
- Repository接口
- CrudRepository接口
- PagingAndSortingRepository接口
- JpaRepository接口
- JPASpecificationExecutor接口
1)Repository接口的使用
- 提供了方法名称命名查询方式
- 提供了基于@Query注解查询与更新
/**
* Repository接口方法名称命名查询
*
*/
public interface UsersRepositoryByName extends Repository<Users,Integer> {
//方法名称必须要遵循驼峰式命名规则,findBy(关键字)+属性名称(首字母大写)+查询条件(首字母大写)
List<Users> findByName(String name);
List<Users> findByNameAndAge(String name,Integer age);
List<Users> findByNameLike(String name);
}
/**
* Repository
*/
@Test
public void UsersRepositoryByName(){
List<Users> list=this.usersRepositoryByName.findByName("张三");
for (Users users:list){
System.out.println(users);
}
}
@Test
public void findByNameAndAge(){
List<Users> list=this.usersRepositoryByName.findByNameAndAge("张三",20);
for (Users users:list){
System.out.println(users);
}
}
@Test
public void findByNameLike() {
List<Users> list = this.usersRepositoryByName.findByNameLike("张%");
for (Users users : list) {
System.out.println(users);
}
}
/**
* 〈一句话功能简述〉<br>
* Repository @Query
*
* @author admin
* @create 2019/5/22
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public interface UsersRepositoryQueryAnnotation extends JpaRepository<Users,Integer> {
@Query(value = "select * from t_user where name=?",nativeQuery = true)
List<Users> queryByNameUseSQL(String name);
@Query("update Users set name=? where id=?")
@Modifying //需要执行一个更新操作
void updateUsersNameById(String name,Integer id);
}
public void testQueryByNameUseSQL() {
List<Users> list = this.usersRepositoryQueryAnnotation.queryByNameUseSQL("张三");
for (Users users : list) {
System.out.println(users);
}
}
/**
* Repository--@Query测试
*/
@Test
@Transactional //@Transactional与@Test 一起使用时 事务是自动回滚的。
@Rollback(false) //取消自动回滚
public void testUpdateUsersNameById() {
this.usersRepositoryQueryAnnotation.updateUsersNameById("张三三", 1);
}
2)CrudRepository接口的使用
CrudRepository接口,主要是完成一些增删改查的操作。注意:CrudRepository接口继承了Repository接口
public interface UsersRepositoryCrudRepository extends CrudRepository<Users,Integer> {
}
@Test
public void testCrudRepositorySave() {
Users users=new Users();
users.setName("青衫");
users.setAge(30);
users.setAddress("湖南怀化");
this.usersRepositoryCrudRepository.save(users);
}
@Test
public void testCrudRepositoryUpdate() {
Users users=new Users();
users.setId(4);
users.setName("青");
users.setAge(18);
users.setAddress("怀化");
this.usersRepositoryCrudRepository.save(users);
}
@Test
public void testCrudRepositoryFindOne() {
Users users=this.usersRepositoryCrudRepository.findOne(4);
System.out.println(users);
}
@Test
public void testCrudRepositoryFindAll() {
List<Users> list= (List<Users>) this.usersRepositoryCrudRepository.findAll();
for (Users user:list){
System.out.println(user);
}
}
@Test
public void testCrudRepositoryDeleteById() {
this.usersRepositoryCrudRepository.delete(4);
}
3)PagingAndSortingRepository接口的使用
该接口提供了分页与排序的操作,注意:该接口继承了CrudRepository接口
import com.bjsxt.pojo.Users;
import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository;
public interface UsersRepositoryPagingAndSorting extends PagingAndSortingRepository<Users,Integer> {
}
@Test
public void testPagingAndSortingRepositorySort() {
//Order 定义了排序规则
Sort.Order order=new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC,"id");
//Sort对象封装了排序规则
Sort sort=new Sort(order);
List<Users> list= (List<Users>) this.usersRepositoryPagingAndSorting.findAll(sort);
for (Users users:list){
System.out.println(users);
}
}
@Test
public void testPagingAndSortingRepositoryPaging() {
//Pageable:封装了分页的参数,当前页,煤业显示的条数。注意:它的当前页是从0开始
//PageRequest(page,size):page表示当前页,size表示每页显示多少条
Pageable pageable=new PageRequest(1,2);
Page<Users> page=this.usersRepositoryPagingAndSorting.findAll(pageable);
System.out.println("数据的总条数:"+page.getTotalElements());
System.out.println("总页数:"+page.getTotalPages());
List<Users> list=page.getContent();
for (Users users:list){
System.out.println(users);
}
}
@Test
public void testPagingAndSortingRepositorySortAndPaging() {
Sort sort=new Sort(new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC,"id"));
Pageable pageable=new PageRequest(0,2,sort);
Page<Users> page=this.usersRepositoryPagingAndSorting.findAll(pageable);
System.out.println("数据的总条数:"+page.getTotalElements());
System.out.println("总页数:"+page.getTotalPages());
List<Users> list=page.getContent();
for (Users users:list){
System.out.println(users);
}
}
4)JpaRepository接口
该接口继承了PagingAndSortingRepository。对继承的父接口中方法的返回值进行适配。
/**
* 参数一 T :当前需要映射的实体
* 参数二 ID :当前映射的实体中的OID的类型
*
*/
public interface UsersRepository extends JpaRepository<Users,Integer> {
}
/**
* JpaRepository 排序测试
*/
@Test
public void testJpaRepositorySort() {
//Order 定义了排序规则
Sort.Order order=new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC,"id");
//Sort对象封装了排序规则
Sort sort=new Sort(order);
List<Users> list= this.usersRepository.findAll(sort);
for (Users users:list){
System.out.println(users);
}
}
5)JPASpecificationExecutor接口
该接口主要是提供了多条件查询的支持,并且可以在查询中添加排序与分页。注意JPASpecificationExecutor是单独存在的。完全独立
/**
* 〈一句话功能简述〉<br>
* JpaSpecificationExecutor
*
* @author admin
* @create 2019/5/23
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public interface UserRepositorySpecification extends JpaRepository<Users,Integer>,JpaSpecificationExecutor<Users> {
}
@Test
public void testJpaSpecificationExecutor1() {
/**
* Specification:用于封装查查询条件
*/
Specification<Users> spec=new Specification<Users>() {
//Predicate:封装了单个查询条件
/**
* @param root 对查询对象属性的封装
* @param criteriaQuery 封装了我们要执行的查询中的各个部分的信息,select from order
* @param criteriaBuilder 查询条件的构造器
* @return
*/
@Override
public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Users> root, CriteriaQuery<?> criteriaQuery, CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder) {
//where name="张三"
/**
* 参数一:查询的属性
* 参数二:条件的值
*/
Predicate predicate=criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get("name"),"张三");
return predicate;
}
};
List<Users> list=this.userRepositorySpecification.findAll(spec);
for (Users users:list){
System.out.println(users);
}
}
/**
* JpaSpecificationExecutor 多条件查询方式一
*/
@Test
public void testJpaSpecificationExecutor2() {
/**
* Specification:用于封装查查询条件
*/
Specification<Users> spec=new Specification<Users>() {
//Predicate:封装了单个查询条件
/**
* @param root 对查询对象属性的封装
* @param criteriaQuery 封装了我们要执行的查询中的各个部分的信息,select from order
* @param criteriaBuilder 查询条件的构造器
* @return
*/
@Override
public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Users> root, CriteriaQuery<?> criteriaQuery, CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder) {
//where name="张三" and age=20
/**
* 参数一:查询的属性
* 参数二:条件的值
*/
List<Predicate> list=new ArrayList<>();
list.add(criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get("name"),"张三"));
list.add(criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get("age"),20));
Predicate[] arr=new Predicate[list.size()];
return criteriaBuilder.and(list.toArray(arr));
}
};
List<Users> list=this.userRepositorySpecification.findAll(spec);
for (Users users:list){
System.out.println(users);
}
}
Sort sort=new Sort(new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC,"id"));
List<Users> list=this.userRepositorySpecification.findAll(spec,sort);
for (Users users:list){
System.out.println(users);
}
}
4.2.7 关联映射操作
1)一对多的关联关系
需求:角色与用户的一对多的关联关系
角色:一方
用户:多方
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* 〈一句话功能简述〉<br>
* 〈〉
*
* @author admin
* @create 2019/5/23
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "t_roles")
public class Roles {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "role_id")
private Integer roleId;
@Column(name = "role_name")
private String roleName;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "roles")
private Set<Users> users=new HashSet<>();
public Integer getRoleId() {
return roleId;
}
public void setRoleId(Integer roleId) {
this.roleId = roleId;
}
public String getRoleName() {
return roleName;
}
public void setRoleName(String roleName) {
this.roleName = roleName;
}
public Set<Users> getUsers() {
return users;
}
public void setUsers(Set<Users> users) {
this.users = users;
}
}
@Entity
@Table(name="t_users")
public class Users {
@Id //主键id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)//主键生成策略
@Column(name="id")
private Integer id;
@Column(name="name")
private String name;
@Column(name="age")
private Integer age;
@Column(name="address")
private String address;
@ManyToOne(cascade = CascadeType.PERSIST) //表示多方
@JoinColumn(name ="role_id") //维护一个外键,外键在Users一侧
private Roles roles;
public Roles getRoles() {
return roles;
}
public void setRoles(Roles roles) {
this.roles = roles;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("Users{");
sb.append("id=").append(id);
sb.append(", name='").append(name).append('\'');
sb.append(", age=").append(age);
sb.append(", address='").append(address).append('\'');
sb.append(", roles=").append(roles);
sb.append('}');
return sb.toString();
}
}
2)多对多的关联关系
角色与菜单多对多关联关系
菜单:多方
角色:多方
/**
* 〈一句话功能简述〉<br>
* 〈〉
*
* @author admin
* @create 2019/5/23
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "t_menus")
public class Menus {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "menus_id")
private Integer menusId;
@Column(name = "menus_name")
private String menusName;
@Column(name = "menus_url")
private String menusUrl;
@Column(name = "father_id")
private Integer fatherId;
@ManyToMany(mappedBy = "menus")
private Set<Roles> roles=new HashSet<>();
public Set<Roles> getRoles() {
return roles;
}
public void setRoles(Set<Roles> roles) {
this.roles = roles;
}
public Integer getMenusId() {
return menusId;
}
public void setMenusId(Integer menusId) {
this.menusId = menusId;
}
public String getMenusName() {
return menusName;
}
public void setMenusName(String menusName) {
this.menusName = menusName;
}
public String getMenusUrl() {
return menusUrl;
}
public void setMenusUrl(String menusUrl) {
this.menusUrl = menusUrl;
}
public Integer getFatherId() {
return fatherId;
}
public void setFatherId(Integer fatherId) {
this.fatherId = fatherId;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("Menus{");
sb.append("menusId=").append(menusId);
sb.append(", menusName='").append(menusName).append('\'');
sb.append(", menusUrl='").append(menusUrl).append('\'');
sb.append(", fatherId=").append(fatherId);
sb.append('}');
return sb.toString();
}
}
@Entity
@Table(name = "t_roles")
public class Roles {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "role_id")
private Integer roleId;
@Column(name = "role_name")
private String roleName;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "roles")
private Set<Users> users=new HashSet<>();
@ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.PERSIST,fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
//映射中间表 joinColumns:当前表中的主键关联中间表的外键
@JoinTable(name = "t_roles_menus",joinColumns =@JoinColumn(name = "role_id"),inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "menu_id"))
private Set<Menus> menus=new HashSet<>();
public Set<Menus> getMenus() {
return menus;
}
public void setMenus(Set<Menus> menus) {
this.menus = menus;
}
public Integer getRoleId() {
return roleId;
}
public void setRoleId(Integer roleId) {
this.roleId = roleId;
}
public String getRoleName() {
return roleName;
}
public void setRoleName(String roleName) {
this.roleName = roleName;
}
public Set<Users> getUsers() {
return users;
}
public void setUsers(Set<Users> users) {
this.users = users;
}
}
public interface RolesRepository extends JpaRepository<Roles,Integer> {
}
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = App.class)
public class ManyToManyTest {
@Autowired
private RolesRepository rolesRepository;
/**
* 添加测试
*/
@Test
public void testSave(){
//创建角色对象
Roles roles=new Roles();
roles.setRoleName("项目经理");
//创建菜单对象
Menus menus=new Menus();
menus.setMenusName("xxxx管理系统");
menus.setFatherId(0);
Menus menus2=new Menus();
menus2.setFatherId(1);
menus2.setMenusName("项目管理");
//关联
roles.getMenus().add(menus);
roles.getMenus().add(menus2);
menus.getRoles().add(roles);
menus2.getRoles().add(roles);
//保存
this.rolesRepository.save(roles);
}
/**
* 查询操作
*/
@Test
public void testFind(){
Roles roles=this.rolesRepository.findOne(2);
System.out.println(roles.getRoleName());
Set<Menus> menus=roles.getMenus();
for (Menus menu:menus){
System.out.println(menu);
}
}
}