springboot数据访问

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springboot数据库开发的流程：

• 导入数据库开发场景spring-boot-starter-data-XXX
• 场景会自动导入配置类XXXAutoConfiguration
• 自动配置类会导入组件，最重要的组件是DataSource数据源
• 数据源的信息是和XXXProperties里面的信息绑定

我们要关注的是首尾两步，中间的流程springboot帮我们做好了。

1.SQL

1.1数据源的自动配置-HikariDataSource

HikariDataSource是springboot默认使用的数据源

1.1.1导入JDBC场景

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId> spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>

我们可以看到官方引入了数据源、事务，但是官方没有导入数据库驱动，因为官方不知道用户用的什么数据库，对应要导入什么数据库的驱动。但是springboot在dependence里面仲裁了数据库驱动的版本，而我们的数据库版本要跟驱动版本一致。
官方为我们设置好的数据库版本：
安装的数据库版本是5：

修改数据库版本的两种方式
1.直接引入依赖具体版本（maven就近依赖原则）

		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>5.1.49</version>
		</dependency>

2.因为版本是一个properties，可以重新声明版本（利用maven属性的就近优先原则）

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.49</mysql.version>
    </properties>
    
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
		</dependency>

1.1.2分析自动配置

DataSourceAutoConfiguration数据源的自动配置

• 绑定的前缀prefix = “spring.datasource”
• 数据库的连接池是容器中没有DataSource才自动配置的
• Hikari是默认配置好的连接池

	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
	@Conditional(PooledDataSourceCondition.class)
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean({ DataSource.class, XADataSource.class })
	@Import({ DataSourceConfiguration.Hikari.class, DataSourceConfiguration.Tomcat.class,
			DataSourceConfiguration.Dbcp2.class, DataSourceConfiguration.OracleUcp.class,
			DataSourceConfiguration.Generic.class, DataSourceJmxConfiguration.class })
	protected static class PooledDataSourceConfiguration {

	}

• DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration： 事务管理器的自动配置
• JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration： JdbcTemplate的自动配置，可以来对数据库进行crud
  可以修改这个配置项@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = “spring.jdbc”) 来修改JdbcTemplate
  @Bean@Primary JdbcTemplate；容器中有这个组件
• JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration： jndi的自动配置
• XADataSourceAutoConfiguration： 分布式事务相关的

1.1.3修改配置项

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_account
    username: root
    password: 123456
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

1.1.4测试

@Slf4j
@SpringBootTest
class Boot05WebAdminApplicationTests {
    @Autowired
    JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        Long aLong = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select count(*) from user", Long.class);
        log.info("记录总数：{}",aLong);
    }
}

1.2使用Druid数据源

1.2.1druid官方github地址

druid官方github地址
1druid是第三方技术，整合第三方技术的两种方式
• 自定义
• 找starter

1.2.2自定义方式

1、创建数据源

引入依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.17</version>
        </dependency>

没有用springboot的时候，可在pom.xml里配置

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.17</version>
        </dependency>

<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"
		destroy-method="close">
		<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
		<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
		<property name="maxActive" value="20" />
		<property name="initialSize" value="1" />
		<property name="maxWait" value="60000" />
		<property name="minIdle" value="1" />
		<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="60000" />
		<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="300000" />
		<property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" />
		<property name="testOnBorrow" value="false" />
		<property name="testOnReturn" value="false" />
		<property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="true" />
		<property name="maxOpenPreparedStatements" value="20" />

引入springboot后可以写一个自己的配置类MyDataSourceConfig

@Configuration
public class MyDataSourceConfig {

    // 创建一个数据源
    // DataSourceConfiguration.class里，没有@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class)，才会配置HikariDataSource
    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource") // 跟yml文件绑定
    public DataSource dataSource(){
        DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
//        druidDataSource.setUrl();
//        druidDataSource.setUsername();
        return druidDataSource;
    }
}

dataSource.getClass() dataSource的类型为class com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource

2、StatViewServlet 使用Druid的内置监控页面

    // 使用Druid的内置监控页面
    // 给容器中注入一个statViewServlet
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){
        StatViewServlet statViewServlet = new StatViewServlet();
        ServletRegistrationBean<StatViewServlet> registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean<>(statViewServlet,"/druid/*");
        return registrationBean;
    }

能进入监控页但是没监控上是因为要开启监控统计功能

3、StatFilter开启监控统计功能

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource") // 跟yml文件绑定
    public DataSource dataSource() throws SQLException {
        DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
//        druidDataSource.setUrl();
//        druidDataSource.setUsername();
        druidDataSource.setFilters("stat"); // 开启监控统计功能
        return druidDataSource;
    }

1.2.3使用官方starter方式

引入starter

		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
			<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.17</version>
		</dependency>

分析自动配置

扩展配置项 spring.datasource.druid
DruidSpringAopConfiguration.class, 监控SpringBean的；配置项：spring.datasource.druid.aop-patterns
DruidStatViewServletConfiguration.class, 监控页的配置：spring.datasource.druid.stat-view-servlet；默认开启
DruidWebStatFilterConfiguration.class, web监控配置；spring.datasource.druid.web-stat-filter；默认开启
DruidFilterConfiguration.class}) 所有Druid自己filter的配置

    private static final String FILTER_STAT_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.stat";
    private static final String FILTER_CONFIG_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.config";
    private static final String FILTER_ENCODING_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.encoding";
    private static final String FILTER_SLF4J_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.slf4j";
    private static final String FILTER_LOG4J_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.log4j";
    private static final String FILTER_LOG4J2_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.log4j2";
    private static final String FILTER_COMMONS_LOG_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.commons-log";
    private static final String FILTER_WALL_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.wall";
    private static final String FILTER_WALL_CONFIG_PREFIX = "spring.datasource.druid.filter.wall.config";

配置示例

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_account
    username: root
    password: 123456
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

    druid:
      aop-patterns: com.atguigu.admin.*  #监控SpringBean
      filters: stat,wall     # 底层开启功能，stat（sql监控），wall（防火墙）

      stat-view-servlet:   # 配置监控页功能
        enabled: true
        login-username: admin
        login-password: admin
        resetEnable: false

      web-stat-filter:  # 监控web
        enabled: true
        urlPattern: /*
        exclusions: '*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*'


      filter:
        stat:    # 对上面filters里面的stat的详细配置
          slow-sql-millis: 1000
          logSlowSql: true
          enabled: true
        wall:
          enabled: true
          config:
            drop-table-allow: false

1.3整合MyBatis操作

MyBatisgithub地址
starter
SpringBoot官方的Starter：spring-boot-starter-*
第三方的： *-spring-boot-starter

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.4</version>
        </dependency>

1.3.1配置模式

全局配置文件
SqlSessionFactory: 自动配置好了
SqlSession：自动配置了 SqlSessionTemplate 组合了SqlSession
@Import(AutoConfiguredMapperScannerRegistrar.class)；会找到所有标注了@Mapper注解的接口
Mapper： 只要我们写的操作MyBatis的接口标准了 @Mapper 就会被自动扫描进来

// MybatisAutoConfiguration.class
@EnableConfigurationProperties({MybatisProperties.class})
@AutoConfigureAfter({DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, MybatisLanguageDriverAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MybatisAutoConfiguration implements InitializingBean {
}

// MybatisProperties.class
public class MybatisProperties {
    public static final String MYBATIS_PREFIX = "mybatis";
}

mybatis需要有一个全局的配置文件

项目结构

<!--  pom.xml  -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId> spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>5.1.49</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
			<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.17</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
			<version>2.1.4</version>
		</dependency>

# application.yml
spring:
  mvc:
    hiddenmethod:
      filter:
        enabled: false
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://XXXX/testData?autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false
    username: root
    password: 12345678
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

mybatis:
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml  #全局配置文件位置
  mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml  #sql映射文件位置

// UserController.java
@RestController
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    UserService userService;
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public User getUser(){
        return userService.getUserById((long) 1);
    }
}

// UserService .java
@Service
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    UserMapper userMapper;

    public User getUserById(Long uid){
        return userMapper.getUser(uid);
    };
}

// UserMapper.class
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
    public User getUser(Long uid);
}

<!--  userMapper.xml  -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.ll.mapper.UserMapper">
    <select id="getUser" resultType="com.ll.bean.User">
        select * from  user where  uid=#{uid}
    </select>
</mapper>

<!--  mybatis-config.xml  -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--    &lt;!&ndash;开启驼峰命名&ndash;&gt;
    <settings>
        <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
    </settings>-->
</configuration>

配置 private Configuration configuration; mybatis.configuration下面的所有，就是相当于改mybatis全局配置文件中的值

// MybatisProperties.class
public class MybatisProperties {
    public static final String MYBATIS_PREFIX = "mybatis";
    @NestedConfigurationProperty
    private Configuration configuration;
}

// Configuration.class
public class Configuration {
    protected Environment environment;
    protected boolean safeRowBoundsEnabled;
    protected boolean safeResultHandlerEnabled;
    protected boolean mapUnderscoreToCamelCase;
    protected boolean aggressiveLazyLoading;
    protected boolean multipleResultSetsEnabled;
    protected boolean useGeneratedKeys;
    protected boolean useColumnLabel;
    protected boolean cacheEnabled;
    protected boolean callSettersOnNulls;
    protected boolean useActualParamName;
    protected boolean returnInstanceForEmptyRow;
    protected boolean shrinkWhitespacesInSql;
    ......
}

# 配置mybatis规则
mybatis:
#  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
  mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
 # 可以不写全局配置文件，所有全局配置文件的配置都放在configuration配置项中即可
 # 全局配置文件和yml只能存在一个

// User.java
@Data
public class User {
    private Long uid;
    private String uname;
}

总结：
导入mybatis官方starter
编写mapper接口。标注@Mapper注解
编写sql映射文件并绑定mapper接口
在application.yaml中指定Mapper配置文件的位置，以及指定全局配置文件的信息 （建议；配置在mybatis.configuration）

1.3.2注解模式

1.3.3混合模式

1.4整合 MyBatis-Plus 完成CRUD

1.4.1什么是MyBatis-Plus

1.4.2整合MyBatis-Plus

1.4.3CRUD功能

2.NOSQL

2.1Redis自动配置

2.2RedisTemplate与Lettuce

2.3切换至jedis