设计模式（九）——单例模式

一、单例模式（Singleton），保证一个类仅有一个实例，并提供一个访问它的全局访问点[DP].

class Singleton{
	private static Singleton instance;
	private Singleton() {
		
	}
	public static Singleton GetInstance() {//此方法是唯一获得本类实例的唯一全局访问点
		if(instance==null) {
			instance=new Singleton();
		}
		return instance;
	}
}
public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Singleton s1=Singleton.GetInstance();
		Singleton s2=Singleton.GetInstance();
		if(s1==s2) {
			System.out.println("两个对象是相同的实例");
		}
	}
}

二、多线程时的单例
1、懒汉式，线程安全
加锁synchronized保证单程，在第一次调用时初始化，不浪费内存，但是效率太低。

class Singleton{
	private static Singleton instance;
	private Singleton() {
		
	}
	public static synchronized Singleton GetInstance() {
			if(instance==null) {
				instance =new Singleton();
			}
		return instance;
	}
}
public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Singleton s1=Singleton.GetInstance();
		Singleton s2=Singleton.GetInstance();
		if(s1==s2) {
			System.out.println("两个对象是相同的实例");
		}
	}
}

2、饿汉式
类加载时就会初始化，没有加锁，执行效率更高，但会浪费内存。

class Singleton {
	private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();

	private Singleton() {

	}

	public static Singleton GetInstance() {

		return instance;
	}
}

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Singleton s1 = Singleton.GetInstance();
		Singleton s2 = Singleton.GetInstance();
		if (s1 == s2) {
			System.out.println("两个对象是相同的实例");
		}
	}
}

3、双重锁定（DCL）

class Singleton {
	private static Singleton instance;

	private Singleton() {

	}

	public static Singleton GetInstance() {
		if (instance == null) {
			synchronized (Singleton.class) {
				if (instance == null) {
					instance = new Singleton();
				}
			}
		}
		return instance;
	}
}

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Singleton s1 = Singleton.GetInstance();
		Singleton s2 = Singleton.GetInstance();
		if (s1 == s2) {
			System.out.println("两个对象是相同的实例");
		}
	}
}

4、静态内部类
可以对静态域使用延迟初始化。

class Singleton {
	private static class SingletonHolder {
		private static final Singleton instance = new Singleton();
	}

	private Singleton() {

	}

	public static final Singleton GetInstance() {
		return SingletonHolder.instance;
	}
}

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Singleton s1 = Singleton.GetInstance();
		Singleton s2 = Singleton.GetInstance();
		if (s1 == s2) {
			System.out.println("两个对象是相同的实例");
		}
	}
}

三、举例：配置文件为例

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

class AppConfig {
	private String parameterA;
	private String parameterB;

	public String getParameterA() {
		return parameterA;
	}

	public String getParameterB() {
		return parameterB;
	}

	public AppConfig() {
		readConfig();
	}

	private void readConfig() {
		Properties p = new Properties();
		InputStream in = null;

		try {
			in = AppConfig.class.getResourceAsStream("AppConfig.properties");
			p.load(in);
			this.parameterA = p.getProperty("paramA");
			this.parameterB = p.getProperty("paramB");
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			System.out.println("装载配置文件出错");
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				in.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}

		}

	}
}

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		AppConfig config = new AppConfig();
		String paramA = config.getParameterA();
		String paramB = config.getParameterB();
		System.out.println("paramA=" + paramA + ",paramB=" + paramB);
	}

}

用单例模式改写：

class AppConfig {
	private static AppConfig instance;

	public AppConfig() {

	}

	public static AppConfig GetInstance() {
		if (instance == null) {
			instance = new AppConfig();
		}
		return instance;

	}
}

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		AppConfig paramA = new AppConfig();
		AppConfig paramB = new AppConfig();
		System.out.println("paramA=" + paramA + ",paramB=" + paramB);
	}

}