Spring依赖注入(DI)
基本概念:
- 依赖注入(Dependency Injection,DI)。
- 依赖 : 指Bean对象的创建依赖于容器 . Bean对象的依赖资源 .
- 注入 : 指Bean对象所依赖的资源 , 由容器来设置和装配 .
1.构造器注入
在上一篇文章中已提到:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44777314/article/details/118499415
2.Set 注入
pojo类(student address两个类):
public class Student {
private String name;
private Address address;
private String[] books;
private List<String> hobbys;
private Map<String,String> card;
private Set<String> games;
private String wife;
private Properties info;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String[] getBooks() {
return books;
}
public void setBooks(String[] books) {
this.books = books;
}
public List<String> getHobbys() {
return hobbys;
}
public void setHobbys(List<String> hobbys) {
this.hobbys = hobbys;
}
public Map<String, String> getCard() {
return card;
}
public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
this.card = card;
}
public Set<String> getGames() {
return games;
}
public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
this.games = games;
}
public String getWife() {
return wife;
}
public void setWife(String wife) {
this.wife = wife;
}
public Properties getInfo() {
return info;
}
public void setInfo(Properties info) {
this.info = info;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", address=" + address +
", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
", hobbys=" + hobbys +
", card=" + card +
", games=" + games +
", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
", info=" + info +
'}';
}
}
public class Address {
private String address;
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address{" +
"address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
xml配置文件(主要是学习多种类型的注入方式类型,看起来有点长,但是很多类型已经囊括):
<!--Bean注入 -->
<bean id="addr" class="com.xiong.pojo.Address">
<property name="address" value="重庆"/>
</bean>
<!--数组注入-->
<bean id="student" class="com.xiong.pojo.Student">
<property name="name" value="小红"/>
<property name="address" ref="addr"/>
<property name="books">
<array>
<value>刘备</value>
<value>关羽</value>
<value>张飞</value>
</array>
</property>
<!--List注入-->
<property name="hobbys">
<list>
<value>吃饭</value>
<value>睡觉</value>
<value>喝水</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="card">
<map>
<entry key="中通" value="1231456"/>
<entry key="顺丰" value="124564"/>
</map>
</property>
<!--set注入-->
<property name="games">
<set>
<value>王者荣耀</value>
<value>刺激战场</value>
<value>QQ飞车</value>
</set>
</property>
<!--Properties注入-->
<property name="info">
<props>
<prop key="学号">2015874643</prop>
<prop key="班级">学前教育</prop>
<prop key="性别">6班</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
测试类:
public class Mytest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
Object student = context.getBean("student");
System.out.println(student);
}
}
3.扩展方式注入
p命名和c命名注入(c命名方式注入需要创建有参构造函数才能实现其功能,主要在xml文件中引入第三方注入方式实现)
实体类:
public class User {
private String name;
private int age;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
XML配置文件:
1、P命名空间注入 : 需要在头文件中加入约束文件
导入约束 : xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
<!--P(属性: properties)命名空间 , 属性依然要设置set方法-->
<bean id="user" class="com.xiong.pojo.User" p:name="狂神" p:age="18"/>
2、c 命名空间注入 : 需要在头文件中加入约束文件
导入约束 : xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
<!--C(构造: Constructor)命名空间 , 属性依然要设置set方法-->
<bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" c:name="狂神" c:age="18"/>
测试:
@Test
public void test02(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userbean.xml");
User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
System.out.println(user);
}
注意事项:实现c命名的时候要构建有参、无参构造函数。