difflib内置模块之文本对比
什么是difflib? 用来做什么?
difflib为python的标准库模块,无需安装。
作用时对比文本之间的差异。
并且支持输出可读性比较强的HTML文档,与Linux下的diff 命令相似。
在版本控制方面非常有用。
符号理解
符号 含义
'-' 包含在第一个系列行中,但不包含第二个。
'+' 包含在第二个系列行中,但不包含第一个。
' ' 两个系列行一致
'?' 存在增量差异
'^' 存在差异字符
详解:
splitlines()按照行分割
返回一个包含各行作为元素的列表
参数:
keepends=True 保留换行符
keepends=False 不包含换行符
import difflib
text1 = ''' 1im. Beautiful is better than ugly.
2. Explicit is better than implicit.
3. Simple is better than complex.
4. Complex is better than complicated. '''.splitlines(keepends=True)text2 = ''' 1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
3. Simple is better than complex.
4. Complicated is better than complex.
5. Flat is better than nested.
'''.splitlines(keepends=True)
##实现类似linux里面的diff命令的功能
d = difflib.Differ()
print(''.join(list(d.compare(text1,text2))))
d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlContent = d.make_file(text1,text2)
# print(htmlContent)
with open('diff.html','w') as f:
f.write(htmlContent)
Linux文本之间的对比
随便修改vim /opt/passwd1/opt/passwd
/opt/passwd1
import difflib
filename1 = '/tmp/passwd'
filename2 = '/tmp/passwd1'with open(filename1) as f1,open(filename2) as f2:
content1 = f1.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
content2 = f2.read().splitlines(keepends=True)d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlContent = d.make_file(content1,content2)
with open('passwdDiff.html','w') as f:
f.write(htmlContent)